Search results for " Vitro"

The effect of pre-cure bracket movement on shear bond strength during placement of orthodontic brackets, an in vitro study

2017

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of linear and rotational pre-cure bracket displacement during the bonding procedure on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods Stainless steel orthodontic premolar brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of 50 human pre-molars with a conventional two-step bonding protocol. Extracted human pre-molars were divided into 5 groups (n=10/group). In the Control Group, the brackets were bonded with no pre-cure bracket displacement or rotation. The Rotation Group was bonded with 45 degrees of pre-cure rotation. The Displacement Group was bonded with 2mm pre-cure linear displacement. The Rotation-D…

Cestode parasites release extracellular vesicles with microRNAs and immunodiagnostic protein cargo.

2017

Intercellular communication is crucial in multiple aspects of cell biology. This interaction can be mediated by several mechanisms including extracellular vesicle (EV) transfer. EV secretion by parasites has been reported in protozoans, trematodes and nematodes. Here we report that this mechanism is present in three different species of cestodes, Taenia crassiceps, Mesocestoides corti and Echinococcus multilocularis. To confirm this we determined, in vitro, the presence of EVs in culture supernatants by transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, while T. crassiceps and M. corti metacestodes secrete membranous structures into the culture media, similar vesicles were observed in the int…

2017

Recently, in vitro anti-cancer properties of beauvericin, a fungal metabolite were shown in various cancer cell lines. In this study, we assessed the specificity of this effect by comparing beauvericin cytotoxicity in malignant versus non-malignant cells. Moreover, we tested in vivo anticancer effects of beauvericin by treating BALB/c and CB-17/SCID mice bearing murine CT-26 or human KB-3-1-grafted tumors, respectively. Tumor size and weight were measured and histological sections were evaluated by Ki-67 and H/E staining as well as TdT-mediated-dUTP-nick-end (TUNEL) labeling. Beauvericin levels were determined in various tissues and body fluids by LC-MS/MS. In addition to a more pronounced …

Impact of elastin-derived VGVAPG peptide on bidirectional interaction between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) and beta-galac…

2018

The process of degradation of the elastin-rich extracellular matrix produces elastin-derived peptides (EDPs). Different types of EDPs are detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid in healthy individuals and in patients after ischemic stroke. To date, it has been demonstrated that EDPs can regulate the development of insulin resistance in mice in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ)-dependent manner. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the elastin-derived valine-glycine-valine-alanine-proline-glycine (VGVAPG) peptide on Pparγ and beta-galactosidase (β-Gal) expression in mouse cortical astrocytes in vitro. Primary astrocytes were maintained in D…

Comparative protein profiling of B16 mouse melanoma cells susceptible and non-susceptible to alphavirus infection: Effect of the tumor microenvironme…

2016

Alphavirus vectors are promising tools for cancer treatment. However, relevant entry mechanisms and interactions with host cells are still not clearly understood. The first step toward a more effective therapy is the identification of novel intracellular alterations that could be associated with cancer aggressiveness and could affect the therapeutic potential of these vectors. In this study, we observed that alphaviruses efficiently infected B16 mouse melanoma tumors/tumor cells in vivo, whereas their transduction efficiency in B16 cells under in vitro conditions was blocked. Therefore, we further aimed to understand the mechanisms pertaining to the differential transduction efficacy of alp…

α1-adrenoceptor activity of β-adrenoceptor ligands – An expected drug property with limited clinical relevance

2020

Many β-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists including several clinically used drugs have been reported to also exhibit binding to α1-adrenoceptors. Such promiscuity within the adrenoceptor family appears to occur more often than off-target effects of drugs in general. It should not be considered surprising based on the amino acid homology among the nine adrenoceptor subtypes including the counter-ions for binding the endogenous catecholamines. When β-adrenoceptor ligands also bind to α1-adrenoceptors, they almost always act as antagonists, regardless of being agonists or antagonists at the β-adrenoceptor. The α1-adrenoceptor affinity of β-adrenoceptor ligands in most cases is at least one,…

2′-O-Galloylhyperin Isolated From Pyrola incarnata Fisch. Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 and Inhibition of …

2018

2'-O-galloylhyperin, a major compound of Pyrola incarnata Fisch., possesses a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of 2'-O-GH in microbial infection and sepsis are not clear. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of 2'-O-GH. We found that 2'-O-GH significantly reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO), suppressed the expression levels of iNOS, blocked the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to nucleus, and decreased the MAPK activation in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. 2'-O-GH also enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nr…

The morphogenetically active polymer, inorganic polyphosphate complexed with GdCl 3 , as an inducer of hydroxyapatite formation in vitro

2015

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a physiological polymer composed of tens to hundreds of phosphate units linked together via phosphoanhydride bonds. Here we compared the biological activity of polyP (chain length of 40 phosphate units), complexed with Gd(3+) (polyP·Gd), with the one caused by polyP (as calcium salt) and by GdCl3 alone, regarding their potencies to induce hydroxyapatite (HA) formation in SaOS-2 cells in vitro. The three compounds, GdCl3, polyP and polyP·Gd were found to be non-toxic at concentrations up to at least 30μM. Selecting a low, 5μM, concentration it was found that polyP·Gd significantly induced HA formation, as determined by Alizarin Red S staining and by quantit…

Antipoxvirus Activity Evaluation of Optimized Corroles Based on Development of Autofluorescent ANCHOR Myxoma Virus

2021

International audience; A series of 43 antiviral corrole-based molecules have been tested on myxoma virus (Lausanne-like T1MYXV strain). An autofluorescent MYXV, with an ANCHOR cassette, has been used for the studies. A(2)B-fluorocorroles display various toxicities, from 40 being very toxic (CC50 = 1.7 mu M) to nontoxic 38 (CC50 > 50 mu M), whereas A(3)-fluorocorroles, with one to three fluorine atoms, are not toxic (with the exception of corroles 9, 10, and 22). In vitro, these compounds show a good selectivity index when used alone. Corrole 35 seems to be the most promising compound, which displays a high selectivity index with the lowest IC50. Interestingly, this "Hit" corrole is easy to…

Evidence that the endometrial microbiota has an effect on implantation success or failure

2016

Background Bacterial cells in the human body account for 1–3% of total body weight and are at least equal in number to human cells. Recent research has focused on understanding how the different bacterial communities in the body (eg, gut, respiratory, skin, and vaginal microbiomes) predispose to health and disease. The microbiota of the reproductive tract has been inferred from the vaginal bacterial communities, and the uterus has been classically considered a sterile cavity. However, while the vaginal microbiota has been investigated in depth, there is a paucity of consistent data regarding the existence of an endometrial microbiota and its possible impact in reproductive function. Objecti…