Search results for " Vulcano"

FIRST APPLICATION OF ACTIVE BIOMONITORING TECHNIQUES (MOSS-BAGS) TO MAP THE DISPERSION OF VOLCANIC EMISSIONS

2011

Biomonitoring may be defined as the use of organisms and biomaterials (biomonitors) to obtain informations on certain characteristics of a particular medium (atmosphere, hydrosphere etc.). In particular, mosses accumulate large amounts of trace metals, making them good bioaccumulators to estimate atmospheric pollution. The moss-bags technique, introduced in the early 1970’, has become very popular. Such active biomonitoring technique is particularly useful in highly polluted areas and has been extensively used in industrial and/or urban areas to examine deposition patterns and to recognize point sources of pollution. The main objective of this study, which represents the first application o…

Real-time measurements of Hg0 and H2S at La Solfatara Crater (Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy) and Mt. Amiata volcano (Siena, Central Italy): a new geo…

2014

CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIP AND WILDFIRE EMISSION TRANSPORT EVENTS IN SOUTHERN SICILY, BASED ON BLACK CARBON OBSERVATIONS ANALYSIS DURING 2015 – 2016 AT…

Bromine chemistry of volcanic plumes

2012

Volcanic gas studies are an established tool for volcanic monitoring and enhance the understanding of volcanic manifestations. The central question of the project, which we will introduce here, is whether the ratio between bromine monoxide (BrO) to sulphur dioxide (SO2) can potentially serve as indicator for volcanic activity. Both species have the advantage that they can be remotely measured by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) at safe distances from the emission source. To answer the question above, it is of great importance to link the measurements of halogen oxides to the total emission flux of individual halogen species and to understand the influences of meteorologic…

SOURCE RECOGNITION OF INHALED ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES ACCORDING TO GEOCHEMICAL AND STATISTICAL EVALUATIONS OF TRACE ELEMENT SIGNATURES

2011

During 2001 the Mount Etna had a large eruption producing a large amount of pyroclastic products consisting of a mixture of glass, minerals and soluble salt materials (SAF) encrusting solid particles. Inhalation of the finest of these materials induced pulmonary diseases in people living in subjected areas and gave us the possibility to collect bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) from people in care in Catania hospitals. Concentrations of several trace elements measured in these BAL fluids (BALF) evidence strong enrichments in several trace elements compared to reference values. Related enrichments factors, calculated with respect to composition of volcanic ejecta (EFASH), show similar values in …

VOLCANIC CO2 FLUX MEASUREMENTS BY TUNABLE DIODE LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

2013

Introduction In the last decades, the use of near-infrared room-temperature diode lasers for gas sensing has grown significantly. The use of these devices, for instance in combination with optical fibers, is particularly convenient for volcanic monitoring applications [1,2]. Here, we report on the first results of the application of an open-path infrared tunable laser-based at Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy). Such Diode-laser-based measurements were performed, during two field campaigns (october 2012, and january 2013), in the attempt to obtain novel information on the current degassing unrest of Solfatara and Pisciarelli fumarolic fields. Results and Discussion At each site, we used an ad-h…

New insights of the volcanic gas signature of the Central American Volcanic Arc

Volcanic gas emissions carry crucial information on pre- and syn-eruptive processes, and on behaviour of active volcanic systems. Gas variations arise from replenishment of magma storage zones with mafic magma, from magma ascent and evolution, and from interaction with hydrothermal systems and volcanic lakes. As such, volcanic gases represent “open windows” into genesis and release of volatiles from the Earth’s interior. Volcanic emission measurements allow understanding subsurface magmatic and hydrothermal processes, and contribute to eruption forecasting. Carbon dioxide and sulfur gas represent the most abundant and studied gas species. In particular, CO2, due his fast exsolution during m…

Volcanic CO2 mapping and flux measurements at Campi Flegrei by Tunable Diode Laser absorption Spectroscopy

2014

Near-infrared room-temperature Tunable Diode Lasers (TDL) have recently found increased usage in atmospheric chemistry and air monitoring research, but applications in Volcanology are still limited to a few examples. Here, we explored the potentiality of a commercial infrared laser unit (GasFinder 2.0 from Boreal Laser Ltd) to measurement of volcanic CO2 flux emissions. Our field tests were conducted at Campi Flegrei (near Pozzuoli, Southern Italy), where the GasFinder was used (during three campaigns in October 2012, January 2013 and May 2013) to repeatedly measure the path-integrated concentrations of CO2 along cross-sections of the atmospheric plumes of the two main fumarolic fields in t…

CO2 degassing at La Solfatara volcano (Phlegrean Fields): Processes affecting d13C and d18O of soil CO2

2010

Abstract The soil CO2 degassing is a ected by processes of isotope exchange and fractionation during transport across the soil, which can deeply modify the pristine isotope composition. This has been observed in 10 the Solfatara volcano, upon a eld survey of 110 points, where the CO2 ux was measured, together with temperature, CO2 concentra- tion and oxygen and carbon isotopes within the soil. Furthermore, in some selected sites, the measurements were made at di erent depths, in order to analyze vertical gradients. Oxygen isotope composition 15 appears controlled by exchange with soil water (either meteoric or fumarolic condensate), due to the fast kinetic of the isotopic equilib- rium betw…

Total CO2 output from Vulcano island (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

2012

Total CO2 output from fumaroles, soil gas, bubbling gas discharges and water dissolved gases discharged from the island, was estimated for Vulcano island, Italy. The CO2 emission from fumaroles from the La Fossa summit crater was estimated from the SO2 crater output, while CO2 discharged through diffuse soil emission was quantified on the basis of 730 measurements of CO2 fluxes from the soil of the island, performed by using the accumulation chamber method. The results indicate an overall output of ≅500 t day 1 of CO2 from the island. The main contribution to the total CO2 output comes from the summit area of the La Fossa cone (453 t day 1), with 362 t day 1 from crater fumaroles and 91 t d…