Search results for " ability"
showing 10 items of 240 documents
The Developmental Dynamics between Interest, Self-concept of Ability, and Academic Performance
2014
Abstract. Only a few studies have examined the direction of associations between academic achievement, interest, and sel f-concept of ability simultaneously by using longitudinal data over several school years. To exam ine the cross-lagged relationships between students’ interest, self-concept of ability, and performance in mathematics and reading, longitudinal data from Grade 1 to Grade 7 of comprehensive school was gathered from 216 students. The results showed that, in both reading and math, performance predicted students’ subsequent self-concept of ability. Some evidence was also found that math performance predicts subsequent interest in mathematics, and that self- concept of math abil…
Relationship between cognitive performance and mobility over the life course
2018
We studied cross-sectional, longitudinal and temporal associations between executive function and life-space mobility in old age. We assessed the association between intellectual ability in early adulthood and physical functioning in old age, and the association between early life motor development and cognitive performance in early old age. The participants of the first dataset were 157 persons aged 76-91 y who were followed up for two years as part of the Life-Space Mobility in Old Age study, and who took part in measurements on executive function (EF) implemented with the Trail Making Test and Life-Space Assessment. The second dataset comprised persons from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Stud…
Returning to Work after Stroke: Associations with Cognitive Performance, Motivation, Perceived Working Ability and Barriers.
2022
Objective: To investigate post-stroke return-to-work and its associations with cognitive performance, motivation, perceived working ability, and self-perceived barriers to returning to work.Design: Prospective cohort study of a clinical sample.Subjects and methods: Participants were 77 stroke patients younger than age 69 years. Assessment included a cognitive screening method for stroke patients (CoMet), a questionnaire regarding work-related matters, and a question regarding motivation to return to work. A predictive model of return-to-work was built, and how participants managed in their working life was examined.Results: Cognitive performance was significantly connected with returning to…
Secular rise in economically valuable personality traits
2017
Although trends in many physical characteristics and cognitive capabilities of modern humans are well-documented, less is known about how personality traits have evolved over time. We analyze data from a standardized personality test administered to 79% of Finnish men born between 1962 and 1976 (n = 419,523) and find steady increases in personality traits that predict higher income in later life. The magnitudes of these trends are similar to the simultaneous increase in cognitive abilities, at 0.2-0.6 SD during the 15-y window. When anchored to earnings, the change in personality traits amounts to a 12% increase. Both personality and cognitive ability have consistent associations with famil…
Exploring the conceptual framework and measurement model of intrinsic capacity defined by the World Health Organization: A scoping review
2022
WHO has defined intrinsic capacity (IC) as the composite of all physical and mental capacities of an individual covering five subdomains: cognition, locomotion, sensory, vitality, and psychological. Despite this well accepted definition, the conceptual and measurement model of IC remains unclear, which hampers a standardized operationalization of the construct. We performed a scoping review to give a comprehensive overview of the extent to which the current literature of IC addresses and assumes the conceptual framework and measurement model of IC as reflective or formative. For inclusion, we considered all types of articles that were published in peer-reviewed journals except for protocol …
Deductive and inductive approaches in teaching singular and plural nouns in English
2008
Deduktiivinen ja induktiivinen lähestymistapa ovat jo pitkään kilpailleet keskenään asemastaan kielen opetuksessa. Useista tutkimuksista huolimatta kummankaan lähestymistavan paremmuutta ei ole pystytty osoittamaan. Deduktiivinen lähestymistapa seuraa perinteisempiä opetusmetodeja, joissa säännöt ja esimerkit annetaan ensin, ja tämän jälkeen oppilaat soveltavat oppimaansa useissa tehtävissä. Induktiivinen lähestymistapa puolestaan lähestyy opetettavaa asiaa päinvastaiselta kannalta, jossa oppilaat itse päättelevät säännöt useista esimerkeistä. Säännöt voidaan tämän jälkeen käydä yhdessä läpi. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli vertailla deduktiivisen ja induktiivisen lähestymistavan paremm…
Valutare la capacità di riassumere all’Università
2019
La rielaborazione sintetica dei testi è riconosciuta come uno dei processi principali ai fini della comprensione della lettura, tuttavia nella letteratura scientifica italiana non sono diffusi strumenti atti a valutare l’esercizio di questa competenza, né a supportare il suo sviluppo e il suo miglioramento negli studenti universitari. Per poter ipotizzare un modello didattico in cui sia possibile, per ogni studente universitario, controllare la propria capacità di riassumere e più in generale lo sviluppo di abilità di comprensione e di sintesi è necessario utilizzare strumenti di autovalutazione che permettano l’individuazione precoce delle difficoltà linguistico-comunicative. L’articolo ri…
A meta-analysis of the relation between RAN and mathematics.
2017
Several studies have shown that rapid automatized naming (RAN) is a significant predictor of mathematics, but the nature of their relationship remains elusive. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the size of their relationship and determine the conditions under which they correlate. We used a random-effects model analysis of data from 38 studies (33 unique samples, 151 correlations, 7,135 participants) to examine the size of the RAN–mathematics relationship and the role of different moderators (i.e., math measure and variable, type of RAN task, math age, study design, and sample characteristics). The results showed a significant correlation between RAN and mathematics (r…
Mathematics Skills of Kosovar Primary School Children: A Special View on Children with Mathematical Learning Difficulties
2018
The present study examined the development of mathematics skills of Kosovar primary school children in terms of their gender, living area, socio-economic status, and achievement level. A special emphasis was placed on longitudinal investigations of the development of mathemat-ics skills in children with learning difficulties in mathematics over a 2-year and 4-month period. Participants were 553 fourth-graders, 85 of whom identified with mathematical learning difficulties were classified into two subgroups: children with low mathematics achievement and children with limited mathematics ability. Results have shown that there were no gender differences in mathematics achievement. Children’s li…
The role of parents' and teachers' beliefs in children's self-concept development
2016
This study examined to what extent parents' and teachers' beliefs about children's abilities predict children's self-concept of math and reading ability development during the first grade, and whether these predictions depend on the child's gender and level of performance. One hundred fifty-two children and their parents and teachers were followed across first grade. The results showed, first, that the associations between teachers' beliefs and children's subsequent self-concept of ability depended on the level of the children's performance. Among high-performers, the higher the teachers' beliefs about their students' abilities in reading or in math, the higher the subsequent level of self-…