Search results for " agricole"
showing 10 items of 196 documents
Biogeography of soil microbial communities: a review and a description of the ongoing french national initiative
2010
International audience; Microbial biogeography is the study of the distribution of microbial diversity on large scales of space and time. This science aims at understanding biodiversity regulation and its link with ecosystem biological functioning, goods and services such as maintenance of productivity, of soil and atmospheric quality, and of soil health. Although the initial concept dates from the early 20th century (Beijerinck (1913) De infusies en de ontdekking der backterien, in: Jaarboek van de Knoniklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Muller, Amsterdam), only recently have an increasing number of studies have investigated the biogeographical patterns of soil microbial diversity. A such …
Soil DNA evidence for altered microbial diversity after long-term application of municipal wastewater
2010
International audience; Water resources constitute a social, agricultural and economic problem in most countries of the southern Mediterranean Basin. Alternative strategies have been developed such as the reuse of municipal wastewater for irrigation in agriculture. Despite numerous advantages for soil fertility and crop productivity, recycling wastewater in soils also has several ecotoxicological and sanitary problems. Few investigations have assessed the risk by evaluating the impact of wastewater irrigation on soil microbes. Here, we report for the first time the short- and long-term effects of treated municipal wastewater irrigation on the density and genetic structure of bacterial and f…
Étude de la biologie d'une messicole en régression: le bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.)
2011
Agroecosystems are currently experiencing high biodiversity loss, in particular among the plant species specifically adapted to this habitat. This decline results from cropping systems that have been intensified in Western Europe since the 1950s. The cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), considered as emblem of the flora associated with traditional cereals, appears as a species that may be at risk and should be monitored. Indeed, cornflower can serve as a host to predators of crop pests and is strongly attractive for the pollinators. This study examines the biological factors that could potentially cause the decline of this species: spatial distribution, potential for growth, population's genet…
Co-développement d'un modèle d'aide à la décision pour la gestion intégrée de la flore adventice. Méta-modélisation et analyse de sensibilité d'un mo…
2018
The main threat to agricultural crops are weeds with herbicides being the primary cropping management practice. Due to the negative impact of herbicides on health and environment, their use must be reduced. To replace herbicides, numerous cropping practices need to be implemented. This makes weed management more complicated and, together with necessity of scheduling operations at long-term and the multiplicity of cropping system impacts, explains why models are so useful for designing innovative cropping systems. The aim of this thesis was to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) intended for crop advisors to help design cropping systems that are less dependent on herbicides. Our approach…
Prise en compte des sols pour l’évaluation du potentiel de production d’une légumineuse d’intérêt : le pois
2021
National audience; Dans le contexte actuel de changements climatiques et de pression croissance sur les ressources, le modèle de production agricole est remis en cause et se pose donc le défi d’une production de protéines plus autonome, performante et durable. Le projet PSDR 4 ProSys a pour objectif de développer la production des protéines végétales dans les systèmes de culture de la région Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (BFC), via notamment l’intégration des légumineuses. Un des résultats de l’axe 1 du projet est l’acquisition de références régionales sur le potentiel de production actuel et en contexte de changement climatique, sur une légumineuse d’intérêt : le pois. Le modèle de culture de po…
Analyse multi-échelles des compromis entre services écosystémiques fournis par la flore adventice
2021
Weeds contribute to the provision of various ecosystem services, negative when linked to their harmfulness (disservices) and positive due to the provision of trophic resources (floral resources, seeds) to pollinators and pest natural enemies (services). In this PhD thesis, we analysed how crop management strategies (coherent crop sequences and associated farming practices) implemented by farmers within a small agricultural landscape modulate the weed contribution to (dis)services provision. We also assessed the relative contribution of field cores and field edges (narrow area between the 1st row of the crop and the boundary) to these services. At the annual scale, we show that crop type hig…
How to explain the introduction of common ragweed into Europe during the XIXth century?
2012
EA EcolDur (équipe CAPA) CT3; Various reasons can explain the success of A. artemisiifolia in France and in Europe :* introduction of plants from various sources (in space and time)* strong variability (morphology, size, etc.) * ecological plasticityDifferent situations across areas and countriesThe dominant habitats and the spread vector can differPotentially strong effects of the landscape (soil use)
Des indicateurs pour évaluer la vie des sols mobilisés dans le cadre d’un projet Casdar Agrinnov
2013
L’objectif du projet Agrinnov est de valider les outils et le mode opératoire de transfert et de formation qui permettront de mettre en fonction un réseau de veille à l’innovation agricole sur le thème : impact des pratiques agronomiques sur la vie biologique des sols. La stratégie employée est d’identifier au sein des équipes de recherche impliquées dans la biologie et l’écologie des sols, les bioindicateurs existants et rapidement opérationnels pour être appliqués dans un réseau de sites agricoles (géré par l’Observatoire français des sols vivants) afin d’évaluer les impacts environnementaux et agronomiques des pratiques agricoles. Les bioindicateurs utilisés ciblent deux composantes biol…