Search results for " behavior"
showing 10 items of 11374 documents
When earwig mothers do not care to share: Parent–offspring competition and the evolution of family life
2017
Kin competition often reduces – and sometimes entirely negates – the benefits of cooperation among family members. Surprisingly, the impact of kin competition on the fitness effects of family life only received close scrutiny in studies on sibling rivalry, whereas the possibility of parent–offspring competition has attracted much less attention. As a consequence, it remains unclear whether and how parent–offspring competition could have affected the early evolution of parental care and family life. Here, we examined the occurrence and consequences of parent–offspring competition over food access in the European earwig Forficula auricularia, an insect with facultative family life reminiscent…
Om dere vil høre hvordan jeg har det? : en litteraturstudie som omhandler barns opplevelse av alvorlige foreldrekonflikter og hva som kan bidra til å…
2016
Masteroppgave psykisk helsearbeid ME504 - Universitetet i Agder 2016 The purpose of this thesis is to convey knowledge about how children experience serious parental conflicts and how to decrease the negative impact these conflicts has on the children involved. A literature review has been chosen as the scientific method while working with this study. A comprehensive search in different scientific databases has been performed, in a process in which English words have been used. This study is an integrative review where a combination of different approaches allow me to summarize empirical and theoretical literature into comprehensive knowledge about a phenomenon. The theoretical perspectives…
Health Behavior, Health Promotion, and the Transition to Parenthood : Insights from Research in Health Psychology and Behavior Change
2019
The transition to parenthood represents a period of considerable change. Much of the change is positive as parents experience the inherent emotional and social benefits of becoming a parent. However, it is also a period of considerable challenge and stress, which can have deleterious effects on health and well-being. Increased demands of caring for an infant can lead to loss of sleep, limited ‘leisure’ time, restrictions on social life, and difficulties in managing ‘work-life’ balance. In addition, the disruption and time demand lead to parents ‘falling out’ of health habits. Parents also have new responsibilities to care for the health of their child, and socialize them into healthy habits…
Pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu eksternalizēto uzvedības problēmu saistība ar vecāku audzināšanas pieejām
2016
Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot - vai vecāku audzināšanas pieejas ir saistītas ar eksternalizētās uzvedības problēmām pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem? Kā arī - kādas audzināšanas pieejas paredz uzvedības problēmas pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem? Pētījumā piedalījās N = 45 bērnu vecāki, kam ir bērni vecumā no 4-7 gadiem (M = 5,62 SD = 1,07). Pētījuma gaitā, tika izveidota respondentu izlase (n = 30) – bērni vecumā no 6-7 gadiem. Pētījumā tika izmantotas divas aptaujas – Gentas audzināšanas skala (Ghent Parental Behavior Scale (GPBS)), (Van Leeuwen et.al., 2004), vecāku audzināšanas pieejas noteikšanai, kā arī Bērna uzvedības novērtēšanas aptauja bērnu vecākiem (Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1,5-5 un…
Student employment in France: Hindrance rather than help for higher educational success?
2021
International audience; In this study, we examine how student employment impacts higher educational trajectories in France. Focussing on undergraduates’ educational outcomes, we show the consequences of different intensities and levels of recurrence of student employment on perseverance in higher education. We use data from a nationally representative four-year longitudinal survey, descriptive analysis and logistic regression are performed to control for student characteristics. Our results suggest that student employment, especially when intensive and during periods of exams, increases exam failure. When it is recurrent over time, student employment often leads to university dropout. Furth…
Using meta-analytic path analysis to test theoretical predictions in health behavior: An illustration based on meta-analyses of the theory of planned…
2016
Objective Synthesizing research on social cognitive theories applied to health behavior is an important step in the development of an evidence base of psychological factors as targets for effective behavioral interventions. However, few meta-analyses of research on social cognitive theories in health contexts have conducted simultaneous tests of theoretically-stipulated pattern effects using path analysis. We argue that conducting path analyses of meta-analytic effects among constructs from social cognitive theories is important to test nomological validity, account for mediation effects, and evaluate unique effects of theory constructs independent of past behavior. We illustrate our points…
Functional role of basal ganglia in normal and pathological behaviour
2007
The basal ganglia (BG) appear to exert their major influence on motor functions and their related different behavioral activities. It has been proposed that the BG subserve relatively automatic responses to sensory inputs involving high-level functions like behavioural learning and procedural memory. Moreover, BG play a key role in the processes driving motor performance including emotion, motivation and reward. Severe neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), ballism, Huntington’s chorea, Tourette’s syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been linked to BG dysfunctions. This article emphasizes the role of the BG in appropriate behavioural respons…
Rational Herding in Reward-Based Crowdfunding: An MTurk Experiment.
2020
Crowdfunding is gaining popularity as a way of financing social sustainable initiatives. We performed a controlled economic experiment in MTurk by simulating a crowdfunding platform and developed a theoretical model that rationalizes herding behavior. The experiment was designed to test and quantify the causal effects of revealing specific information to prospective backers: (i) the number of early contributors already financing the project and (ii) positive opinions of other backers versus those of experts. The results show that early contributions to the campaign and positive opinions of peers act as a reinforcing signal to potential backers and affect backers&rsquo
The lived experience of rescuing people who have driven into floodwater: Understanding challenges and identifying areas for providing support.
2018
Background: Drowning is a major public health issue, with risk increasing during times of flood. Driving into floodwater is a major risk factor for flood-related drowning and injury, and despite widespread public health campaigns, many people continue to undertake this risky behaviour and require rescue. Purpose: We aimed to identify key challenges faced by emergency services personnel when rescuing those who have driven into floodwater, and to identify strategies for supporting rescuers in this important role. Methods: Australian flood rescue operators (N = 8) who had previously rescued a driver who had driven into floodwater participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed u…
Precio no monetario percibido en alojamientos e-peer-to-peer. La perspectiva de los huéspedes de Airbnb
2021
[EN] Price is considered as a key variable in predicting buying behavior. However, few studies have focused on how non-monetary price is affected and can affect other components of the consumer endogenous variables. This paper seeks (1) to analyze the effects of antecedents of behavioural price (past experience, the benefits and risks of peer to peer accommodation services) on the guest perceived price, and (2) to determine the effect of this price and past experience on guest intentions. With a sample of 136 Airbnb guests and the use of SEM, results show that past experience, financial risk, and time risk influence the non-monetary perceived price. This price and past experience affect gue…