Search results for " biotechnology"
showing 10 items of 3723 documents
Chapter 6 Contribution of NMR Spectroscopy to Flavour Release and Perception
2008
Abstract The control of flavouring of a food product as well as the flavour perception during consumption is a great challenge for improving food quality. However, the various ingredient composition and the different textural properties of foods can significantly affect the release of aroma compounds or sapid molecules. It is thus of major importance to determine physicochemical factors that govern diffusion and binding phenomena of these small solutes in food products. In this way, NMR spectroscopy is an efficient tool to characterize these mechanisms at a molecular scale. Diffusion rates of small solutes in aqueous, viscous and gel solutions can be extracted from relaxation or diffusion N…
PHB-based films as matrices for pesticides
2002
Abstract The effects of pesticides incorporated into PHB-based polymeric matrices on the biodegradability of films and antifungal efficiency of immobilised pesticides to Botrytis cinerea was studied. The mass loss of tested PHB-based films for 2 weeks was 40–50% and after 4 weeks 92–96% of the initial mass. The fungicides Ronilan and Sumilex immobilised into the polymeric matrices did not depress the film degradation rate. PHB-based films caused changes in the soil microorganism association. Fungicides immobilised in PHB-based matrices decreased the count of the phytopathogenic fungus B. cinerea.
A High Sensitive Nested PCR for Toxoplasma gondii Detection in Animal and Food Samples
2013
Toxoplasma gondii is a major food and waterborne transmitted parasite world-wide. The tissues and meat samples of many warm blooded animals can contain tissues cysts from chronic toxoplasmosis. Water and vegetable can be contaminated by the parasitic oocysts shed through the feces of infected cats, representing the definitive host of the parasite. A sensitive PCR for Toxoplasma gondii detection is described. The first step amplified the region between the 28S and 18S rDNA in the closely related T. gondii and Neospora caninum; RFLP analysis distinguished the DNA from the two morphologically identical parasites. Although N. caninum is not involved in human transmission, so far, it is importan…
Berry press residues as a valuable source of polyphenolics: Extraction optimisation and analysis
2018
Abstract Vaccinium genus berries (bilberries, blueberries, lingonberries, cranberries) are gathered in the wild as well as cultivated on an industrial scale for use in the food industry. Extraction of juices from these berries produces press residues (pomace) as a waste product. Berry press residues are an excellent source of phenolic compounds and have a potential of use as a polyphenol-rich material. The aim of the present study was to optimise the method of extraction of polyphenols (anthocyanins specifically) from berry press residues of American cranberry using the response surface method and to validate the optimal polyphenol/anthocyanin extraction conditions also for other Vaccinium …
Effect of Vibration on the Quality of Strawberry Fruits Caused by Simulated Transport
2015
Mechanical damage of agricultural products is one of the main problems in the harvest and postharvest chain due to the large economic loss that the shelf life reduction could generate. Measurements of change in the chemical components of highly perishable products and microbial growth under different static and dynamic loads is the first step in the development of intelligent logistic units that could help in predicting the residual shelf life in order to minimize losses along the supply chain. In our research, the effects of vibration along the supply chain of a case study were analyzed on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) in terms of microbiological…
Transcriptomic and proteomic insights of the wine yeast biomass propagation process
2010
Transcriptome and proteome profiles have been established for the commercial wine yeast strain T73 during an important industrial process: yeast biomass propagation. The data from both analyses reveal that the metabolic transition from fermentation to respiration is the most critical step in biomass propagation. We identified 177 ORFs and 56 proteins among those most expressed during the process, thus highlighting cell stress response, mitochondrial and carbohydrate metabolism as the most represented functional categories. A direct correlation between mRNA changes and protein abundance was observed for several functional categories such as tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins, heat shock prote…
Biodiversity and technological potential of wild lactic acid bacteria from raw cows' milk
2009
To study lactic acid bacteria (LAB) biodiversity and to evaluate their potential for use in dairy applications, eight raw cows' milk batches were sampled from five dairy factories located in different areas of the Trentino region during winter and summer milkings. A total of 370 (Gram-positive and catalase-negative) isolates were first molecularly analysed by means of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). After strain differentiation (124 profiles), LAB were genetically identified at species level. The most frequently isolated LAB were lactococci, enterococci and streptococci. Lactobacilli, leuconostocs and pediococci were found at low levels. All strains …
A method for taxonomic determination ofCandida albicans with DNA probes
1993
Determination of Candida species represents an important problem derived from the clinical implications of the species belonging to this genus. DNA probes have already been used for the epidemiology of Candida albicans, as well as for taxonomic analysis of Candida and other genera, although these probes are based on non-species-specific DNA sequences. In this work we carried out a 48-h assay, allowing the identification of C. albicans from clinical isolates, using DNA probes based on C. albicans LEU2 and URA3 genes. Another probe related to C. albicans SEC18 gene was shown not to be C. albicans specific.
Anaerobic Reduction of Glycerol to Propanediol-1.3 by Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus buchneri
1984
Summary Three strains of Lactobacillus brevis and one strain of Lactobacillus buchneri grew very poorly on glucose. Good growth was observed on glucose plus glycerol; while glucose was fermented to acetate or ethanol, lactate and CO 2 , glycerol was dehydrated to 3-hydroxypropanal and subsequently reduced to propanediol-1.3. Cell extracts of L. brevis and L. buchneri grown on glucose plus glycerol contained a B 12 -dependent glycerol dehydratase and a propanediol-1.3 dehydrogenase. Glycerol was not metabolized when used as the only substrate. Fructose as sole carbon source was partially reduced to mannitol. The joint fermentation of fructose and glycerol yielded propanediol-1.3 from glycero…
Herbicidal activity of derivatives of 9-aminofluoren-9-ylphosphonic acid
1991
A series of derivatives of 9‐aminofluoren‐9‐ylphosphonic acid (phosphonic analogues of morphactins) were synthesized and screened for herbicidal activity against Lepidium sativum, Cucumis sativus and Lycopersicon esculentum. Ethyl 9‐(N‐alkylamino)fluoren‐9‐yl(phenyl)phosphinates appeared to be equipotent with glyphosate and thus may be recognized as new lead compounds for further structural modifications.