Search results for " brain"
showing 10 items of 985 documents
A new measure for the attitude to mobility of Italian students and graduates: a topological data analysis approach
2022
AbstractStudents’ and graduates’ mobility is an interesting topic of discussion especially for the Italian education system and universities. The main reasons for migration and for the so called brain drain, can be found in the socio-economic context and in the famous North–South divide. Measuring mobility and understanding its dynamic over time and space are not trivial tasks. Most of the studies in the related literature focus on the determinants of such phenomenon, in this paper, instead, combining tools coming from graph theory and Topological Data Analysis we propose a new measure for the attitude to mobility. Each mobility trajectory is represented by a graph and the importance of the…
A multi-scale approach for testing and detecting peaks in time series
2020
An approach is presented that combines a statistical test for peak detection with the estimation of peak positions in time series. Motivated by empirical observations in neuronal recordings, we aim at investigating peaks of different heights and widths. We use a moving window approach to compare the differences of estimated slope coefficients of local regression models. We combine multiple windows and use the global maximum of all different processes as a test statistic. After rejection, a multiple filter algorithm combines peak positions estimated from multiple windows. Analysing neuronal activity recorded in anaesthetized mice, the procedure could identify significant differences between …
Synthesis, benzodiazepine receptor binding and molecular modelling of isochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-5(1H)-one derivatives
2012
Abstract A series of isochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-5(1H)-one derivatives 7b–h were prepared and tested at 10 μM for their ability to displace specific [3H]flunitrazepam from bovine brain membranes. The substitution pattern of the above derivatives was shown to influence the receptor affinity. The most active compound of the series was 7e, showing a 54% inhibition of [3H]flunitrazepam binding. Compounds 7a–d,i were compared with the known isomers chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-4(1H)-ones 14a–d,i, showing that the isochromene/chromene isomerism influences the activity.
The value of serial MR imaging in the assessment of brain metastases volume control during stereotactic radiosurgery
2015
Purpose: To evaluate early tumour control capabilities of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of brain metastasis and the role of follow-up MR imaging. Methods and Materials: MR imaging of 54 metastases in 31 patients treated with SRS who underwent follow-up MR imaging within 12 months were retrospectively reviewed. Tumours were characterized as either enlarged (>20% volume increase), stable (follow-up volume ±20% of the initial volume), or decreased (> 0% volume decrease). Results: Within the first 6 weeks following SRS a decrease was observed in 25 (52%) of the tumours in the extent of 63% in size. Tumour reduction varied according to histopathological subtype with 38% of non…
The Insect Mushroom Bodies: a Paradigm of Neural Reuse
2013
This paper is devoted to discuss the implementation of models,which are inspired by the fly Drosophila melanogaster and able to handle open problems in the field of robotics such as attention, expectation and sequence learning. The role of the Mushroom Bodies (MBs) in solving these tasks is analyzed in detail and a unifying plausible biologically inspired model is proposed. The developed neural structure is able to show different capabilities in line with the paradigm of neural reuse. The same neural circuit can be exploited to accomplish multiple tasks showing interesting capabilities such as attention, expectation and delayed match-to-sample. The simulation results here reported suggest a…
Treatments for intracranial hypertension in acute brain-injured patients: grading, timing, and association with outcome. Data from the SYNAPSE-ICU st…
2023
Purpose: Uncertainties remain about the safety and efficacy of therapies for managing intracranial hypertension in acute brain injured (ABI) patients. This study aims to describe the therapeutical approaches used in ABI, with/without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, among different pathologies and across different countries, and their association with six months mortality and neurological outcome. Methods: A preplanned subanalysis of the SYNAPSE-ICU study, a multicentre, prospective, international, observational cohort study, describing the ICP treatment, graded according to Therapy Intensity Level (TIL) scale, in patients with ABI during the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) a…
Permeability properties of a three-cell type in vitro model of blood-brain barrier.
2005
We previously found that RBE4.B brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) form a layer with blood‐brain barrier (BBB) properties if co‐cultured with neurons for at least one week. As astrocytes are known to modulate BBB functions, we further set a culture system that included RBE4.B BCECs, neurons and astrocytes. In order to test formation of BBB, we measured the amount of (3)H‐sucrose able to cross the BCEC layer in this three‐cell type model of BBB. Herein we report that both neurons and astrocytes induce a decrease in the permeability of the BCEC layer to sucrose. These effects are synergic as if BCECs are cultured with both neurons and astrocytes for 5 days, permeability to sucrose decr…
Cerebral expression of neuroglobin and cytoglobin after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in neonatal piglets
2010
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is used in corrective cardiac surgery for complex congenital heart disease. Endogenous protective mechanisms may be responsible for the prevention of brain damage after hypothermic ischemia. Neuroglobin and cytoglobin are expressed in brain cells and appear to modulate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. However, their neuroprotective potency is still not understood. Thus the aim of this study was to detect the influence exerted by DHCA on their expression.The effects of DHCA were analyzed in a neonatal piglet model with cardiopulmonary bypass, DHCA of 60 and 120 min and subsequent reperfusion of 6h. Complete histological analysis and changes in the mRN…
Case report: Remote neuromodulation with direct electrical stimulation of the brain, as evidenced by intra-operative EEG recordings during wide-awake…
2016
Letter to the editor; International audience
The transcranial stimulation with direct currents (tdcs): An historical and conceptual minireview
2018
Transcranial Stimulation with Direct Currents (tDCS) is a method for non invasive brain stimulation created to induce functional changes in cerebral cortex. tDCS consists of application on the scalp of electrodes providing a low intensity direct current influencing neuronal functions. tDCS is not the only neurostimulation method for neuroscience clinical practice and research and can be used for treat many different clinical conditions such as migraine prevention, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), cerebral palsy rehabilitation, post-traumatic brain injury neuropsychological disorders.