Search results for " canal"
showing 10 items of 472 documents
Gentamicin alters nitric oxide production in semicircular canals and otolith organs.
2010
Objectives/Hypothesis: Intratympanic application of gentamicin is an important therapeutic option to control vertigo spells in Meniere's disease. Low doses eliminate the function of semicircular canal ampullae (SCCA) and saccule in most patients, although utricular function is maintained in many cases. Local alteration in free radical production might be responsible for these differences. Therefore, the gentamicin-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was determined in an animal model using separate organ cultures of SCCA, saccule, and utricle. Study Design: Prospective pilot study in male guinea pigs. Methods: SCCA, saccule, and utricle of 28 guinea pigs were isolated and incubated separate…
Outcomes of Surgery in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis: Comparison of Three Types of Stenosis on MRI.
2016
The aim of the study was to compare outcome of surgery in patients with lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphology. This was a prospective study of 96 consecutive patients who underwent surgery at 143 levels of LCS (from L3-L4 to L5-S1). Using patterns on T2 axial MRI, the type of stenosis was determined for each patient. The Swiss Spinal Stenosis Score (SSS) was used to evaluate patients’ functionality and outcomes. The definition of treatment success was based on the criteria developed by Stucki et al. Demographic characteristics and post-operative outcomes were compared between trefoil, triangular, and pin-hole groups. Finally, correlation between SS…
Surface Electromyography Reliably Records Electrophysiologically Evoked Internal Anal Sphincter Activity: A More Minimally Invasive Approach for Moni…
2016
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Even in the case of minimally invasive pelvic surgery, sparing of the autonomic nerve supply is a prerequisite for maintaining anal sphincter function. Internal anal sphincter (IAS) innervation could be electrophysiologically identified based on processed electromyographic (EMG) recordings with conventional bipolar needle electrodes (NE). This experimental study aimed for the development of a minimally invasive approach via intra-anal surface EMG for recordings of evoked IAS activity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Six male pigs underwent nerve-sparing low anterior rectal resection. Electric autonomic nerve stimulations were …
The Septum Inguinalis: A Clue to Hernia Genesis?
2018
Purpose: Double ipsilateral inguinal ("pantaloon") hernias and also the more advanced "combined" inguinal hernia involve disruption of the inguinal floor. In the case of pantaloon hernias, the medial boundary of the internal ring remains intact but in combined hernias this is fully disrupted, producing a single hernial protrusion. Deepening the pathophysiology of these hernias may be helpful in addressing hernia genesis, thus improving strategies for the treatment of this disease. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 22 patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair showed double ipsilateral (pantaloon) hernia, comprising distinct direct and indirect protrusions separated by a tissue septum. I…
Identification of the mandibular landmarks in a pediatric population
2013
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the reliability to accomplish of common mandibular landmarks and to determine the incidence of incisive canals, anterior looping, and lingual foramina in children from panoramic and CBCT images. Study Design: Panoramic and CBCT images from 100 children and adolescent patients were randomly selected. In order to grade the visibility of mandibular anatomical landmarks, a four-point rating scale was used. Results: In panoramic images, the mandibular canal could be observed in 92.5% of cases, with good visibility in 12.0%. The mental foramen could be observed in 44.5% of cases, while none had good visibility. Anterior looping of the…
Simulation of Supralevator Abscesses and Complex Fistulas in Cadavers: Pelvic Dissemination and Drainage Routes
2018
BACKGROUND: Most perianal abscesses have a cryptoglandular origin, following the pathogenesis described by Parks in 1961. Supralevator abscesses have the most uncommon location. Nevertheless, such pathology results in a high morbidity because of their difficult diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to deepen the knowledge of the pathogenesis and management of supralevator abscesses, as well as the complications derived from incorrect treatment, by using simulation in cadavers. DESIGN: This study is an anatomosurgical description of pelvic and perianal zone and simulation of the different types of supralevator abscesses, their correct drainage routes, and secondary complex fis…
Management of intersphincteric abscesses.
2006
Objective Intersphincteric abscesses are relatively rare, and in some cases of upward extensions in the supralevator plane, can be difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to analyse the type of treatment used in these abscesses. Methods Twenty-one intersphincteric abscesses treated by endoanal drainage in our colorectal unit between 1992 and 2004 were reviewed from our database; location and extension of the abscess, type of treatment and recurrence rates and the use of endoanal ultrasound were studied. Results Ninety per cent of patients were male; 10 had a previous history of surgery for perianal abscess and suppuration (48%); 16 (76%) had a posterior location and five were ante…
The role of muscular trauma in the development of heterotopic ossification after hip surgery: An animal-model study in rats.
2015
Abstract Background Heterotopic ossification (HO), the formation of bone in soft tissues, is a frequent complication after surgery of the hip and the pelvis. Although the pathophysiological entities responsible for the formation of HO remain largely unclear, muscle trauma is alleged to play a central role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HO. However, for this observation, made by many surgeons for decades, no objective evidence has been provided yet. Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were subjected to surgery of the right hip. The femoral canal was reamed in three steps up to 2 mm. Animals formed 2 groups: in group 1 (25 animals) every effort was taken not to injure the muscles. In cont…
Total mesorectal excision with intraoperative assessment of internal anal sphincter innervation provides new insights into neurogenic incontinence
2012
Background: The aim of this prospective study was to assess internal anal sphincter (IAS) innervation in patients undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME) by intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). Study Design: Fourteen patients underwent TME. IONM was carried out through pelvic splanchnic nerve stimulation under continuous electromyography of the IAS. Anorectal function was assessed with the digital rectal examination scoring system and a standardized questionnaire. Results: Nine of 11 patients who underwent low anterior resection had positive IONM results, with stimulation-induced increased IAS electromyographic amplitudes (median 0.23 V (interquartile range [IQR] 0.05, 0.56) vs median …
Selective pelvic autonomic nerve stimulation with simultaneous intraoperative monitoring of internal anal sphincter and bladder innervation.
2010
<i>Background:</i> Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation avoids postoperative functional disturbances. The aim of this feasibility study was to develop a neuromonitoring system with simultaneous intraoperative verification of internal anal sphincter (IAS) activity and intravesical pressure. <i>Methods:</i> 14 pigs underwent low anterior rectal resection. During intermittent bipolar electric stimulation of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) and the pelvic splanchnic nerves (PSN), electromyographic signals of the IAS and manometry of the urinary bladder were observed simultaneously. <i>Results:</i> Stimulation of IHP and PSN as well as simultaneous intraop…