Search results for " chromosomes"

showing 9 items of 59 documents

Metilazione del DNA in artrite reumatoide

2005

Lo stato di metilazione del DNA genomico e del gene PTHrP è stato valutato con tecniche molecolari e citogenetiche in artrite reumatoide (AR), patologia autoimmune caratterizzata anche da alta incidenza di linfomi e da ipercalcemia per overespressione del gene PTHrP. La metilazione del DNA, infatti, ha un ruolo critico nello sviluppo delle malattie neoplastiche; il gene PTHrP avendo tre promotori uno dei quali contiene un’isola CpG è un buon candidato per la deregolazione da alterato pattern di metilazione locale. Le indagini sulla metilazione genomica, condotte su DNA estratto da sangue periferico di pazienti e di donatori e amplificato in reazioni di Methylation-Sensitive Arbitrarily Prim…

Settore BIO/18 - Geneticainstead chromosomes of controls were almost uniformly decorated by brilliant grains. Studies on methylation of PTHrP gene promoter 2 performed on five CpG island internal sites using the Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Endonuclease Multiplex (MSREM)-PCR showed that one of the sites nearest the trascription starting point is heavy methylated in a significantly high number of RA patients. Thus RA seems to be characterized by genomewide hypomethylation associated with local hypermethylation like the most part of tumors. This result raises the possibility that susceptibility to lymphomas is related to abnormal DNA methylation levels and suggests the opportunity to evaluate the DNA methylation status in RA patientin fact the demethylating therapies together with diet and life style can act towards an increase of tumor risk. Future studies using a larger number of subjects could confirm these findings.Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by high recurrence of lymphomas as well as hypercalcemia due to PTHrP overexpression. Because of DNA methylation plays a critical role in development of neoplasias we determined in RA patients the global DNA methylation status and local methylation pattern of the CpG island of one of the three promoters of PTHrP gene utilizing molecular and cytogenetic techniques. Investigations performed on DNA from peripheral blood of patients and donors amplified by Methylation-Sensitive Arbitrarily Primed (MeS-AP)-PCR indicated that RA is strongly associated with global DNA hypomethylation. Similarly chromosomal DNA methylation pattern analysis by indirect immunofluorescence technique with anti 5-methylcitosine antibody showed all peripheral lymphocyte metaphases from RA patients with chromosomes weakly fluorescent without discrete grain
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A cladistic approach to testing phylogenomic evolution in Strepsirhines

2010

Strepsirrhines phylogenetic evolution chromosomes syntenic associationsSettore BIO/08 - Antropologia
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The histone deacetylase Rpd3 regulates the heterochromatin structure of Drosophila telomeres

2011

Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes that are required to preserve genome integrity, chromosome stability and nuclear architecture. Telomere maintenance and function are established epigenetically in several eukaryotes. However, the exact chromatin enzymatic modifications regulating telomere homeostasis are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, telomere length and stability are maintained through the retrotransposition of specialized telomeric sequences and by the specific loading of protecting capping proteins, respectively. Here, we show that the loss of the essential and evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3, the homolog of mammal…

Telomere-binding proteinGeneticsEpigenomicsMaleHistone deacetylase 5Histone deacetylase 2HDAC11Histone Deacetylase 1Cell BiologyBiologyTelomereHistone H4Telomere HomeostasisDrosophila melanogasterHeterochromatinHistone H2Ahistone deacetylaseHistone codeAnimalsDrosophila Proteinsanimals; article; chromosome aberration; chromosome structure; drosophila; drosophila melanogaster; drosophila proteins; enzyme activity; epigenetics; epigenomics; eukaryota; heterochromatin; histone acetylation; histone deacetylase 1; histone deacetylase rpd 3; histone methylation; male; mammalia; nonhuman; polytene chromosome; priority journal; regulatory mechanism; telomere; unclassified drugPolytene Chromosomes
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Chromosomes and the origins of Apes and Australopithecines

1996

International audience; Comparison of molecular data suggests that the higher apes (Gorilla, Pan) and humankind (Homo) are closely related and that they diverged from the common ancestor through two speciation events situated very closely together in time. Examination of the chromosomal formulas of the living species reveals a paradox on the distribution of mutated chromosomes which can only be re-solved by a model of trichotomic diversification. This new model of divergence from the common ancestor is characterized by the transition from (1) a monotypic phase to (2) a polytypic phase of three sub-species - pre-gorilla, pre-chimpanzee and pre-australopithecine. The quadruped ancestors of Au…

[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory[ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and PrehistoryApes[SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Geneticsspeciation modelEvolution chromosomes[ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Geneticsclimatological modelAustralopithecines
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Intrachromosomal Telomeric Sequences Distribution in Ceboidea Can Reveal Insights into the Chromosomal Evolution in New World Primates

2015

genome evolution chromosomes
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Interstitial Telomeric-like Repeats (ITR) in Seed Plants as Assessed by Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques: A Review.

2021

The discovery of telomeric repeats in interstitial regions of plant chromosomes (ITRs) through molecular cytogenetic techniques was achieved several decades ago. However, the information is scattered and has not been critically evaluated from an evolutionary perspective. Based on the analysis of currently available data, it is shown that ITRs are widespread in major evolutionary lineages sampled. However, their presence has been detected in only 45.6% of the analysed families, 26.7% of the sampled genera, and in 23.8% of the studied species. The number of ITR sites greatly varies among congeneric species and higher taxonomic units, and range from one to 72 signals. ITR signals mostly occurs…

in situ hybridisationEcologyPhylogenetic treeRange (biology)chromosomal landmarksBotanyChromosomePlant ScienceReviewBiologybiology.organism_classificationIntraspecific competitionGymnospermkaryological evolutionEvolutionary biologyQK1-989Plant chromosomesHomologous chromosomeinterstitial telomeric repeatsEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsCytogenetic TechniquesPlants (Basel, Switzerland)
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The banding pattern of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila guanche compared with that of D. subobscura.

1987

A detailed map of the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila guanche is presented and compared to the standard gene arrangements of D. subobscura. Generally, the polytene chromosomc banding patterns of the two species show a high degrce of homology. Only Segment I of the sex chromosome (Chromosome A) shows marked differences. The banding pattern proposed for this segment in D. guanche could have originated from a cluster of overlapping inversions including A1 arrangement.

medicine.medical_specialtyDrosophila guanchePlant ScienceHomology (biology)Species SpecificityDrosophilidaeGeneticsmedicinePhotographyAnimalsGeneticsPolytene chromosomeSex ChromosomesbiologyCytogeneticsChromosomeChromosome MappingKaryotypeGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationChromosome BandingInsect ScienceChromosome InversionGene ArrangementsAnimal Science and ZoologyDrosophilaGenetica
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Late Activation of Stress-activated Protein Kinases/c-Jun N-terminal Kinases Triggered by Cisplatin-induced DNA Damage in Repair-defective Cells

2011

Although stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun N-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) are rapidly activated by genotoxins, the role of DNA damage in this response is not well defined. Here we show that the SEK1/MKK4-mediated dual phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK (Thr-183/Tyr-185) correlates with the level of cisplatin-DNA adducts at late times (16–24 h) after drug treatment in both human and mouse cells. Transfection of platinated plasmid DNA also caused SAPK/JNK activation. A defect in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair resting on a mutation in Cockayne syndrome group B protein promoted the late SAPK/JNK activation following cisplatin exposure. Signaling to SAPK/JNK was accompanied by act…

rho GTP-Binding ProteinsDNA RepairMAP Kinase Kinase 4DNA repairDNA damageDNA damage response; DNA repair; cisplatin-DNA adducts; SAPK/JNKp38 mitogen-activated protein kinasesAntineoplastic AgentsCell Cycle ProteinsAtaxia Telangiectasia Mutated ProteinsProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesDNA and ChromosomesBiologyBiochemistryAtaxia Telangiectasia Mutated ProteinsDNA AdductsMiceRadiation IonizingAnimalsHumansDNA Breaks Double-StrandedMolecular BiologyReplication protein ACells CulturedMice KnockoutKinaseTumor Suppressor ProteinsJNK Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesCell BiologyMolecular biologyDNA-Binding ProteinsEnzyme Activationc-Jun N-terminal kinasesbiology.proteinCisplatinSignal TransductionNucleotide excision repairJournal of Biological Chemistry
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Microchimerism in multiple sclerosis: The association between sex of offspring and MRI features in women with multiple sclerosis

2023

AimsDuring pregnancy, fetal cells can migrate to the mother via blood circulation. A percentage of these cells survive in maternal tissues for decades generating a population of fetal microchimeric cells (fMCs), whose biological role is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the sex of offspring, an indirect marker of fMCs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in women with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsWe recruited 26 nulliparous MS patients (NPp), 20 patients with at least one male son (XYp), and 8 patients with only daughters (XXp). Each patient underwent brain MR scan to acquire 3D-T2w FLAIR FatSat and 3D-T1w FSPGR/TFE. Lesion Segmentation To…

sex of offspringGeneral Neurosciencemicrochimerismmagnetic resonance imagingpregnancyregional volumesmultiple sclerosissexual chromosomes
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