Search results for " commons"
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Common Reasoning in a Computational Context
2022
In the field of Computation Science, ‘Commonsense Reasoning’ usually expresses the formalization of Logic systems in order to efficiently automate replication of human performances. This is done by employing methodologies from Computational Learning, and deals with the construction of information of both deductive and inductive nature. The process often happens in an ecologic, natural context (i.e., in the real world, not in an artificial laboratory setting), and in presence of incomplete and imprecise information.
Quasi-transitivity
2022
Seeing ordinary reasoning in the setting of the Poincaré continua by means of T-Indistinguishability Operators, opens a window towards the possibility of considering alternative types of transitivity. Let us concentrate on the so called quasi-transitive law.
Introduction
2022
In the intention of the authors, this booklet does not want to be a textbook; instead, it contains some reflections that aim to guide ‘Computing with Words and Percep- tions’, Zadeh’s final view on his Fuzzy Logic, towards its future as a new science of both Language and Reasoning. Towards an experimental and theoretical science concerning the Natural Phenomena of Language, Thinking and Reasoning, in rela- tionship with Neurosciences, whose possibilities are foreseen by the authors.
Conclusions for Part II
2022
Human beings are animals endowed with a great curiosity. They continuously ask themselves how things are, where they come from, and where they go to. Questioning is at the origins of reasoning; and possibly, without the capability of self-questioning and guessing, neither directed thinking, nor reasoning, will exist. Their existence makes them a matter of study.
Conclusions for Part I
2022
Thanks to thinking, memory, and language, human beings can dedicate a non-minor part of their time to tell, themselves or the others, events, descriptions, true or imagined histories, etc. Part of the human conversation consists in telling, and most of the times reasoning starts from the self-telling of something.
An Overview of the Fuzzy Calculi
2022
What has been discussed up to now allows us to assume that the roots of fuzzy sets are in Language and, thus, that Fuzzy Logic deals with both Language and Commonsense Reasoning. Fuzzy Logic’s main goal is the representation of statements whose meaning is not precise, but it can as well capture the case in which statements are precise.
Looking for Some Historical Roots
2022
Knowledge comes from the observation that what surrounds us is provoked by the questions people poses when thinking on it; is reachecorrespondingd thanks to reasoning, and usually through establishing hypotheses and further testing them and their consequences against the reality. Speculation lays at the basic level of both ‘thinking on it’, and ‘establishing and testing hypotheses’.
Context, Inference’s Safety, Proving and Further Comments
2022
In no way does this Chap. 2 try to reach definitive conclusions. It is just a preliminary inquiry, containing no more than some initial reflections made basing Commonsense Reasoning on perception. Specifically, on the possibilities that measurable meaning and Indistinguishability Operators offer for its study. Human beings are slave of their senses that, usually, do not distinguish things below some threshold.
Trying to Pose the Main Problem: Measurable Meaning
2022
We have shown the necessity to reconsider the concept of ‘meaning’. In this framework ‘meaning’ should be a situational concept requiring to be bounded by specific definitions rendering it applicable to our needs. Membership functions should as well be seen as ‘measures’ of meaning, which would give them a meaning as well.
Introduction
2022
‘Natural Reasoning’, that with which lay people decide their daily actions, also called Ordinary, Everyday, or Commonsense Reasoning, can be seen as ruled by the universal laws defining its formal ‘skeleton’.