Search results for " composition"

showing 10 items of 1437 documents

Chemometrics as a tool to discriminate geographical origin of Cyperus esculentus L. based on chemical composition

2013

[EN] In the present study the chemical composition of Cyperus esculentus L. (tiger nut) from four distinct geographical origin (Spain, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa) was assessed to observe the possible effect of the cultivation site in the fatty acids profile, sterols composition, and squalene and -tocopherol content. It was verified that the individual fatty acids as well as the different fatty acids fractions were severely affected by the geographical origin. Tiger nut oils were predominantly monounsaturated with lower prevalence of saturated fatty acids, and with capability to provide appreciable amounts of essential fatty acids. The sterols fraction was affected as well, but in lowe…

NutBiologyPrehistòriaChemometricsα-TocopherolSqualenechemistry.chemical_compoundCyperusBotanyGeographical originPRODUCCION VEGETALCyperus esculentus L.Chemometric analysisFatty acidsChemical compositionTigerfood and beveragesAlpha-Tocopherolbiology.organism_classificationSterolSterolschemistrylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Composition (visual arts)ECONOMIA FINANCIERA Y CONTABILIDADAgronomy and Crop Science
researchProduct

Will nutrient cycles in a tropical montane forest in Ecuador be affected by a changing element composition of rainfall?

2009

Nutrient cycle010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesAgroforestry040103 agronomy & agriculture0401 agriculture forestry and fisheriesEnvironmental scienceMontane ecologyForestry04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesElement composition01 natural sciences0105 earth and related environmental sciencesIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
researchProduct

Early sowing can boost grain production by reducing weed infestation in organic no‐till wheat

2022

Conservative tillage techniques have several agro-ecological benefits for organic farming. The application of these techniques, however, can create quite a few challenges due to the increased weed competition. Here, we report the results of an organic field experiment in which the responses of wheat and weeds to no tillage (NT) were evaluated compared with conventional tillage (CT). We also tested the hypothesis that, under NT, moving up the sowing date, compared with using the ordinary sowing date for the study area, can result in increased competitiveness of the crop against weeds. Two wheat genotypes, a modern variety and an ancient landrace, were tested.Substantial reductions in grain y…

Nutrition and DieteticsMediterranean environmentAgricultureweed flora compositionSettore AGR/02 - Agronomia E Coltivazioni ErbaceeSoilTriticum durumno tillageorganic farmingBiomassEdible GrainAgronomy and Crop ScienceTriticumFood ScienceBiotechnologyJournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
researchProduct

Oxidative stress in olive in vitro culture: effects of organized development and mass propagation of Biancolilla and Cerasuola cvs.

2006

The in vitro culture of olive explants very often results in poor growth and reduced proliferation of axillary buds. Many different factors have been considered and in many cases the unusual, for this species, surrounding environment has been held responsible for the scarce results obtained. Recently oxidative stresses have also been investigated and among the different factors involved, wounding, sterilisation, nutritional components and culture environment were claimed as main stress-inducing agents. This experiment reports on a preliminary study on two important Sicilian varieties, Biancolilla and Cerasuola, aiming to find the existing relationships among olive explant growth and prolife…

OLEA EUROPAEAMINERAL COMPOSITIONOXIDATIVE STRESSIN VITRO CULTUREMANNITOL
researchProduct

Seawater carbonate chemistry and biogenic habitat shifts under long-term ocean acidification

2023

Experiments have shown that increasing dissolved CO2 concentrations (i.e. Ocean Acidification, OA) in marine ecosystems may act as nutrient for primary producers (e.g. fleshy algae) or a stressor for calcifying species (e.g., coralline algae, corals, molluscs). For the first time, rapid habitat dominance shifts and altered competitive replacement from a reef-forming to a non-reef-forming biogenic habitat were documented over one-year exposure to low pH/high CO2 through a transplant experiment off Vulcano Island CO2 seeps (NE Sicily, Italy). Ocean acidification decreased vermetid reefs complexity via a reduction in the reef-building species density, boosted canopy macroalgae and led to chang…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)IdentificationSalinityTemperateCommunity composition and diversityinorganicAlkalinityDensityType of studyExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedAbundanceCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentstandard errorEarth System ResearchPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoveragePotentiometricwaterSiteRocky-shore communityAlkalinity total standard errorBenthosReplicateMediterranean SeaOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCBicarbonate ionTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)pH standard errorCalculated using CO2SYSCarbonate system computation flagComplexityFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideEntire communityRocky shore communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfSpecies richness
researchProduct

Seawater carbonate chemistry and kelp densities and coral coverages at three study locations and photosynthesis and calcification of corals measured …

2021

Ocean warming is altering the biogeographical distribution of marine organisms. In the tropics, rising sea surface temperatures are restructuring coral reef communities with sensitive species being lost. At the biogeographical divide between temperate and tropical communities, warming is causing macroalgal forest loss and the spread of tropical corals, fishes and other species, termed “tropicalization”. A lack of field research into the combined effects of warming and ocean acidification means there is a gap in our ability to understand and plan for changes in coastal ecosystems. Here, we focus on the tropicalization trajectory of temperate marine ecosystems becoming coral-dominated systems…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)Net calcification rate of calcium carbonate lightCommunity composition and diversityAlkalinity total standard deviationunique identificationTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedNet calcification rate of calcium carbonateCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Color descriptionRespiration rate oxygenpHRespirationMonthCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentField experimentRespiration rateunique identification URIstandard deviationlightAcropora solitaryensisCalcification/DissolutionCalcite saturation statewaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteGrowth MorphologyRocky-shore communityAragonite saturation state standard deviationPorites heronensisCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationTypeCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Primary production PhotosynthesisSpeciesBottles or small containers/Aquaria (&lt;20 L)fungiEvent labeltechnology industry and agricultureCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airEntire communitySingle speciesCalcification DissolutionBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoralCoast and continental shelfPhotosynthetic efficiencySpecies unique identification (URI)darkIdentificationRegistration number of speciesSalinityTemperateBottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L)inorganicAlkalinityArea localityNet photosynthesis rate oxygenExperimentArea/localityAragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totalBottles or small containers Aquaria 20 LtotalCO2 ventCalcification rate of calcium carbonateTemperaturedissolvedPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Temperature water standard deviationNet photosynthesis rateEarth System ResearchNet calcification rate of calcium carbonate darkField observationgeographic locationsSpecies unique identificationBenthosCnidariaDiameterOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionGrowth ratePartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationPrimary production/PhotosynthesisTreatmentCarbon dioxideGrowth/MorphologyRocky shore communityShootsoxygen
researchProduct

Seawater carbonate chemistry and composition of intertidal and subtidal communities

2018

Rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are causing surface seawater pH and carbonate ion concentrations to fall in a process known as ocean acidification. To assess the likely ecological effects of ocean acidification we compared intertidal and subtidal marine communities at increasing levels of pCO2 at recently discovered volcanic seeps off the Pacific coast of Japan (34° N). This study region is of particular interest for ocean acidification research as it has naturally low levels of surface seawater pCO2 (280–320 µatm) and is located at a transition zone between temperate and sub-tropical communities. We provide the first assessment of ocean acidification effects at a biogeo…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)SalinityTemperateBicarbonate ion standard deviationCommunity composition and diversityAlkalinity total standard deviationinorganicAlkalinityCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater standard deviationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Carbon dioxide standard deviationTemperature water standard deviationEarth System ResearchField observationstandard deviationCalcite saturation stateCoverageFugacity of carbon dioxide in seawaterwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteRocky-shore communityAragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationBicarbonate ionTypeCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Partial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationIndividualsCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideEntire communityRocky shore communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf
researchProduct

Seawater carbonate chemistry and community structure of marine biofouling communities

2018

Ocean acidification may have far-reaching consequences for marine community and ecosystem dynamics, but its full impacts remain poorly understood due to the difficulty of manipulating pCO2 at the ecosystem level to mimic realistic fluctuations that occur on a number of different timescales. It is especially unclear how quickly communities at various stages of development respond to intermediate-scale pCO2 change and, if high pCO2 is relieved mid-succession, whether past acidification effects persist, are reversed by alleviation of pCO2 stress, or are worsened by departures from prior high pCO2 conditions to which organisms had acclimatized. Here, we used reciprocal transplant experiments al…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateIdentificationSalinityCommunity composition and diversityBicarbonate ion standard deviationinorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinityTime in weeksExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentTemperature water standard deviationEarth System Researchstandard deviationCalcite saturation statewaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteRocky-shore communityAragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationTypeBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Shannon Diversity IndexCalculated using CO2SYSIndividualsPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideRocky shore communityEntire communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelfNumber of species
researchProduct

Seaweed fails to prevent ocean acidification impact on foraminifera along a shallow-water CO2 gradient

2015

Ocean acidification causes biodiversity loss, alters ecosystems, and may impact food security, as shells of small organisms dissolve easily in corrosive waters. There is a suggestion that photosynthetic organisms could mitigate ocean acidification on a local scale, through seagrass protection or seaweed cultivation, as net ecosystem organic production raises the saturation state of calcium carbonate making seawater less corrosive. Here, we used a natural gradient in calcium carbonate saturation, caused by shallow-water CO2 seeps in the Mediterranean Sea, to assess whether seaweed that is resistant to acidification (Padina pavonica) could prevent adverse effects of acidification on epiphytic…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateIdentificationSalinityCommunity composition and diversityTriloculinella dilatatainorganicAlkalinityElphidium spMiliolinella sp.Miliolinella subrotundaQuinqueloculina sp.Daitrona spTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Adelosina longirostraPercentageAragonite saturation stateMiliolinella spRosalina globularisAlkalinity totaltotalElphidium sp.Elphidium crispumCO2 ventElphidium advenumpHTemperaturedissolvedPseudotriloculina spCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Rosalina spQuinqueloculina annectensEarth System ResearchHaynesina depressulaField observationElphidium margaritaceumPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation statePotentiometricwaterMassilina gualtierianaRocky-shore communitySpiroloculina ornataQuinqueloculina auberianaBenthosDaitrona sp.Pileolina patelliformisOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesVertebralina striataAffinetrina gualtierianaElphidium macellumCalculated using CO2SYSIndividualsCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Rosalina sp.CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionBolivina pseudoplicataPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideQuinqueloculina stelligeraQuinqueloculina spPeneroplis pertususRocky shore communityEntire communityPeneroplis planatusFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCornuspira involvensBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfLobatula lobatulaQuinqueloculina boscianaPseudotriloculina sp.
researchProduct

Seawater carbonate chemistry and percentage cover of macroalgal species at three locations at Vulcano, Italy

2017

Beneficial effects of CO2 on photosynthetic organisms will be a key driver of ecosystem change under ocean acidification. Predicting the responses of macroalgal species to ocean acidification is complex, but we demonstrate that the response of assemblages to elevated CO2 are correlated with inorganic carbon physiology. We assessed abundance patterns and a proxy for CO2:HCO3- use (delta 13C values) of macroalgae along a gradient of CO2 at a volcanic seep, and examined how shifts in species abundance at other Mediterranean seeps are related to macroalgal inorganic carbon physiology. Five macroalgal species capable of using both HCO3- and CO2 had greater CO2 use as concentrations increased. Th…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesSalinityCaulerpa proliferaCommunity composition and diversityBicarbonate ion standard deviationUdotea petiolatainorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinitySargassum muticumDictyota dichotomaHalopteris scopariaYearsCystoseira brachycarpaExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCystoseira foeniculaceaCaulerpa racemosaCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Cystoseira foeniculataAragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Acetabularia acetabulumJania rubensCarbon dioxide standard deviationEarth System Researchδ13CLipid contentstandard deviationField observationUniform resource locator link to referenceCystoseira crinitaCoverageCalcite saturation stateLocationwaterSiteRocky-shore communityFigureBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationTypeBicarbonate ionDictyopteris polypodioidesDilophus fasciolaCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesCystoseira compressaEvent labelCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationMassFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonOxygenPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideRocky shore communityEntire communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airPadina pavonicaSeasonδ13C standard deviationCoast and continental shelfCodium bursaTableCystoseira barbarta
researchProduct