Search results for " contract."
showing 10 items of 1345 documents
Effects of joint angle and age on ankle dorsi- and plantar-flexor strength.
2007
This study aimed at examining the effects of joint angle and age on the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, for the agonist and antagonist muscle groups around the ankle, i.e., the dorsi- and plantar-flexors. To this aim, neural and muscular factors were investigated in two groups of healthy men: 11 young (mean age, 24 years) and 18 older (mean age, 78 years). Plantar-flexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF) isometric MVC torques were measured in three different ankle joint angles and surface electromyographic activities of the triceps surae and of the tibialis anterior muscles were recorded. The main findings were that the DF-to-PF MVC torque ratio varied with joint angle and age, indica…
Effects of ageing on motor unit activation patterns and reflex sensitivity in dynamic movements.
2009
Both contraction type and ageing may cause changes in H-reflex excitability. H reflex is partly affected by presynaptic inhibition that may also be an important factor in the control of MU activation. The purpose of the study was to examine age related changes in H-reflex excitability and motor unit activation patterns in dynamic and in isometric contractions. Ten younger (YOUNG) and 13 elderly (OLD) males performed isometric (ISO), concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) plantarflexions with submaximal activation levels (20% and 40% of maximal soleus surface EMG). Intramuscular EMG data was analyzed utilizing an intramuscular spike amplitude frequency histogram method. Average H/M ratio was a…
The influence of ageing on the force-velocity-power characteristics of human elbow flexor muscles.
2003
Abstract The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of ageing on the maximal power ( P max ) of the elbow flexor muscles and to determine the impact of velocity on the loss of power in older people. Sixteen elderly subjects (7 men and 9 women, age range 61–78 years) and 17 young subjects (11 men and 6 women, age range 18–27 years) participated in this study. Maximal elbow flexions were performed against increasing inertia. The maximal force ( F max ), maximal shortening velocity ( V max ), P max , dynamic constants ( a , b and a / F max ), optimal force ( F opt ), optimal velocity ( V opt ) and V opt / V max were determined from Hill's equation. Myoelectrical activity (EMG) of th…
Serum hormones and strength development during strength training in middle-aged and elderly males and females.
1994
Effects of a 12-week progressive strength training period on serum concentrations of testosterone, cortisol and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) as well as on strength development of the leg extensor muscles were investigated in nine middle-aged males (M50; range 44-57 years) and in nine middle-aged females (F50; range 43-54 years) as well as in 10 elderly males (M70; range 64-73 years) and in 11 elderly females (F70; range 66-73 years). Substantial increases took place in maximal isometric strength during the 12-week training period both in M50 (from 2834 +/- 452 to 3941 +/- 772 N; P < 0.001) and in F50 (from 2627 +/- 725 to 3488 +/- 1017 N; P < 0.001) as well as in M70 (from 2591 +/- 7…
The role of genetics and environment in lifting force and isometric trunk extensor endurance.
2004
Background and Purpose. Our understanding of what different back performance tests are measuring is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of genetics and unique and common environmental factors for 3 tests of back muscle performance in a classic twin analysis. Subjects. The subjects were a population-based sample of 122 monozygotic and 131 dizygotic male twin pairs aged 35 to 69 years (X̄=49.9, SD=7.7). Methods. Variance component analysis was applied to estimate genetic and environmental influences on isokinetic and psychophysical lifting and isometric trunk extensor endurance test performance. The Cholesky decomposition genetic factor model was u…
Increased prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and transient episodes of myocardial ischemia in hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy but with…
1997
To evaluate the behavior of cardiac arrhythmias (CA) and transient episodes of myocardial ischemia (TEMI), in relation to the circadian pattern of blood pressure in patients suffering from arterial hypertension, with or without echocardiographically ascertained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we studied 128 patients, 87 men (M) and 41 women (F), aging from 21 to 76 years, subdivided into two groups: Group I, including 66 patients with LVH (45 M and 21 F; mean age of 53.7 ± 9.1 years; Group II, including 62 patients without LVH ( 42 M and 20 F; mean age of 49.7 ± 9.5 years). Office blood pressure (OBP) as well as nighttime ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) were higher in patients with LVH …
Changes in neuromuscular performance and muscle fiber characteristics of elite power athletes self-administering androgenic and anabolic steroids
1984
The influence of androgenic-anabolic steroid-induced changes in measures of body composition, muscle fiber characteristics and various aspects of the neuromuscular performance of the leg extensor muscles was investigated in five experimental and six control power athletes during the 24-week programmed strength training followed by the additional six week training without hormone drugs. The mean values of the dosages of self-administration during the 24-week period were 31.0 +/- 14.3 mg/day for anabolic steroids (methandienone, stanozolol, nandrolone) and 178.4 +/- 82.7 mg/week for testosterone. During the 24-week hormone period the experimental group gained in fat-free weight (p less than 0…
Muscle activation during cycling at different cadences: Effect of maximal strength capacity
2007
International audience; The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of maximal strength capacity on muscle activation, during cycling, at three selected cadences: a low cadence (50 rpm), a high cadence (110 rpm) and the freely chosen cadence (FCC). Two groups of trained cyclists were selected on the basis of the different maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction values (MVCi) of their lower extremity muscles as follow: Fmin (lower MVCi group) and Fmax (higher MVCi group). All subjects performed three 4-min cycling exercises at a power output corresponding to 80 % of the ventilatory threshold under the three cadences. Neuromuscular activity of vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris…
Endothelium-dependent component in the contractile responses of human omental arteries to adrenergic stimulation
1993
Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the influence of endothelium-derived nitric oxide on the contractile responses of isolated human omental arteries to electrical field stimulation and noradrenaline. We measured isometric tension in artery rings obtained from portions of human omentum during the course of abdominal operations (32 patients). Electrical field stimulation induced frequency-dependent contractions which were abolished by tetrodotoxin (10−6 M) and prazosin (10−6 M), thus indicating that this effect was due to noradrenaline released from adrenergic nerves acting on α1-adrenoceptors. The increases in tension induced by electrical field stimulation were of greate…
The Effects of Electromyostimulation Training and Basketball Practice on Muscle Strength and Jumping Ability
2000
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a 4-week electromyostimulation training program on the strength of the knee extensors and the vertical jump performance of 10 basketball players. Electromyostimulation sessions were carried out 3 times weekly; each session consisted of 48 contractions. Testing was carried out before and after the electromyostimulation training program (week 4) and once more after 4 weeks of normal basketball training (week 8). At week 4, isokinetic strength increased significantly (p < 0.05) at eccentric and high concentric velocities (between 180 and 360 x s(-1)); this was not the case for low concentric velocities (60 and 120 degrees x s(-1)). Elec…