Search results for " costs"

showing 10 items of 259 documents

Sine cura. Verso il ri-ciclo dell'architettura del secondo Novecento

2019

Gli argomenti discussi nel saggio interrogano il destino che il Codice dei Beni Culturali (2004- 2011) determina per le opere del secondo Novecento. Nella costruzione del futuro di questi manufatti, che per funzione, tecnologia e cicli d’uso sono spesso segnati dall’obsolescenza e dall’abbandono, le ambiguità e le incongruenze delle attuali procedure legislative sollecitano profondamente il ruolo culturale delle esperienze di ricerca che usano metodologie meta progettuali. Il confronto fra alcuni casi italiani ed altri europei rimarca il ruolo del progetto nella costruzione di una prospettiva di tutela trasformativa per il costruito del secondo Novecento. Nel quadro di azione marcato dall’o…

Settore ICAR/14 - Composizione Architettonica E UrbanaThe essay questions the future's possibilities to operate on the buildings of the second half of the twentieth century according to the Italian Code of Cultural Heritage (2004-2011). When arguing how to encourage the re-use of these artifacts which are often marked by short-life technology cycles obsolescence and abandonment the ambiguities and inconsistencies of current legislative procedures deeply stress the cultural role of research experiences that use project-oriented methodologies. The comparison between some Italian and other European cases highlights the role of a design approach in the construction of a transformative protection perspective for the built matter of the second half of the twentieth century. In a framework aiming to encourage a reconciliation between the recent built environment and the new paradigms of sustainability and circular economy architecture must recognize re-cycle practices as a main theoretical and procedural node. To modernize the late Modern built environment with contemporary construction components is not simply a matter of technical knowledge and expertise: but a theme with theoretical density aesthetic and ethical values. The architectural project in this field today must ask for greater congruence between the bureaucratic and administrative levels and the real consistency of this corpus. It is a matter of identifying strategies to equip it with capabilities meanings and contents remembering that demolition wastes have unsustainable environmental costs and uncertain results concerning the necessary new attribution of political and semantic meaning that these places await.
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A Quantum-Inspired Classifier for Early Web Bot Detection

2022

This paper introduces a novel approach, inspired by the principles of Quantum Computing, to address web bot detection in terms of real-time classification of an incoming data stream of HTTP request headers, in order to ensure the shortest decision time with the highest accuracy. The proposed approach exploits the analogy between the intrinsic correlation of two or more particles and the dependence of each HTTP request on the preceding ones. Starting from the a-posteriori probability of each request to belong to a particular class, it is possible to assign a Qubit state representing a combination of the aforementioned probabilities for all available observations of the time series. By levera…

Settore INF/01 - InformaticaComputer Networks and Communicationsbot detectionData modelsTime series analysisearly decisionquantum-inspired computingTime measurementCorrelationCostsmultinomial classificationPredictive modelsbot detection; Correlation; Costs; Data models; early decision; multinomial classification; multivariate sequence classification; Predictive models; quantum-inspired computing; sequential classification; Task analysis; Time measurement; Time series analysis;multivariate sequence classificationTask analysisSafety Risk Reliability and Qualitybot detection; Correlation; Costs; Data models; early decision; multinomial classification; multivariate sequence classification; Predictive models; quantum-inspired computing; sequential classification; Task analysis; Time measurement; Time series analysissequential classification
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Feasibility of Producing Electricity, Hydrogen, and Chlorine via Reverse Electrodialysis

2022

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a technology to generate electricity from two streams with different salinities. While RED systems have been conventionally used for electricity generation, recent works explored combining RED for production of valuable gases. This work investigates the feasibility of producing hydrogen and chlorine in addition to electricity in an RED stack and identifies potential levers for improvement. A simplified one-dimensional model is adopted to assess the technical and economic feasibility of the process. We notice a strong disparity in typical current densities of RED fed with seawater and river water and that in typical water (or chlor-alkali) electrolysis. This …

Settore ING-IND/26 - Teoria Dello Sviluppo Dei Processi ChimiciEnvironmental ChemistryGeneral Chemistrybrine levelized costs salinity gradient energy techno-economic assessment upscale potential
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FROM FUEL BASED GENERATION TO SMART RENEWABLE GENERATION: PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR AN ISLANDED SYSTEM. PART II: SELECTION OF FUTURE SCENARIO AND ECONOM…

2011

The subject addressed in this paper is the analytical study of the transition of the energy generation system for a real MV/LV distribution system from a ‘fuel based’ one to a distributed and smart ‘renewables based’ one. The paper outlines the economical issues related to such transition from one type of system to the other and it is the prosecution of a companion work addressing the technical topics concerning this subject. The study is carried out for a real islanded MV/LV distribution network.

Settore ING-IND/33 - Sistemi Elettrici Per L'EnergiaRenewables costs-benefits analysis
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Il rimborso delle spese legali sostenute dall’assolto: verso la sperimentazione di una riforma molto attesa

2022

Following an intense debate, Law no. 178 of 2020 has introduced, in our system, a tool aimed at the reimbursement of the legal costs incurred by the acquitted. This innovation – which has not only economic, but above all symbolic significance – has raised several issues. Some of them have been addressed by an interministerial decree adopted in 2021, but others remain under discussion. The main uncertainty concerns the real impact of this instrument and depends both on the jurisdictional choices that will be adopted and on the resources that will actually be available.

Settore IUS/16 - Diritto Processuale PenaleReimbursement legal costs acquittal
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[Access to hepatitis C treatment: a lesson for the future.]

2018

L’immissione in commercio dei farmaci antivirali ad azione diretta (DAA) di nuova generazione per la terapia dell’infezione cronica da virus dell’epatite C ha rivoluzionato lo scenario precedente e ha messo a dura prova le istituzioni, a causa del prezzo elevato delle terapie. Un’analisi di quanto accaduto negli ultimi tre anni, specialmente in Italia, ci aiuta a comprendere come è stata gestita la contrattazione dei prezzi e soprattutto con quali criteri si è scelto, in una prima fase, di consentire un accesso ristretto in base al bisogno di cura dei pazienti. Ciò consente di mettere a fuoco alcuni temi importanti e di individuare le sfide che ci attendono nel prossimo futuro. The new gene…

Settore MED/02 - Storia Della MedicinaBioethics Hepatitis C Access policies Ethics HCV High price innovative drugs Access to treatment Direct Acting Antivirals Equity ScreeningItalyBioetica Epatite C Politiche di accesso Etica HCV Farmaci innovativi ad alto costo Accesso alle terapie Direct Acting Antivirals Equità ScreeningHumansHepatitis C ChronicAntiviral AgentsDrug CostsHealth Services AccessibilityRecenti progressi in medicina
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Transaction Costs, Standardization and Modularity in Credit Risk Transfer Market

2010

The advent of a credit risk market has profoundly altered the role of banking firms into one of asset originator and asset distributor rather than the asset holder. Banks have traditionally originated and held credit risk. It emphasis the different role of financial institutions from holders of credit risk to originators and distributors of credit risk. In this paper I aim to evaluate how the modularity and the standardization create the precondition for the creation of a credit risk transfer market in the banking industry. The intermediate market of credit risk transfer appears when the banking production processes have become more disintegrated. The vertical disintegration of the banking …

Settore SECS-P/11 - Economia Degli Intermediari Finanziaritransaction costs credit risk modularity standardization.
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Mafia-type organizations in Italy: diffusion, impact on the private sector, research paths,

2013

Settore SPS/07 - Sociologia Generalemafia private sector extorsion impact organized crime costs
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The foundations of the new theories in health economics

1997

In health economics, theoretic approaches such as the theory of contracts, the economy of conventions, the theory of transaction costs and the evolutionary theory, have been applied recently. The present paper offers a classification of these different theories focusing on their epistemological foundations. The clarification of their assumptions about individual rationality (substantial or procedural rationality), about coordination modality (by inter-individual contracts or collective rules), about uncertainty (probabilistic risk or cognitive uncertainty), shows oppositions between these theories. Nevertheless, the application of these different theories in health economics shows that they…

SociologyTransaction costsEconomicseconomic theorycommunity care servicesSociologiehealth administration[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and financesContracts[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceEvolutionnary theoryHealth services
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Patterns of treatment and costs of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma management in four Italian centers

2015

Giorgio Lorenzo Colombo,1 Calogero Cammà,2 Adolfo Francesco Attili,3 Roberto Ganga,4 Giovanni Battista Gaeta,5 Giuseppina Brancaccio,5 Jean Marie Franzini,6 Marco Volpe,6 Giuseppe Turchetti7 1Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; 2Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 3Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rome (La Sapienza) Rome, Italy; 4Clinical Medicine Division, Ospedale Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy; 5Viral Hepatitis Unit, Second University, Naples, Italy; 6Business Integration Partners S.p.A., Milan, Italy; 7Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is…

Sorafenibmedicine.medical_specialtyTherapeutics and Clinical Risk ManagementTare weightTransarterial embolizationToxicology and Pharmaceutics (all)DiseaseDisease costDrugs costInternal medicinedisease costsHealth caremedicineDisease costs; Drugs cost; Sorafenib; Transarterial embolization; Medicine (all); Safety Research; Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (all); Chemical Health and Safety; Pharmacology (medical)Pharmacology (medical)General Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmaceuticsStage (cooking)Original ResearchPharmacologyChemical Health and Safetybusiness.industryDisease costs; drugs cost; sorafenib; transarterial embolizationMortality rateMedicine (all)General MedicineSorafenibmedicine.diseasedigestive system diseasesdisease costs drugs cost transarterial embolization sorafenibHepatocellular carcinomaPharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (all)businessLiver cancerSafety Researchmedicine.drug
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