Search results for " counting"

showing 10 items of 98 documents

Remitted photon path lengths in human skin: in-vivo measurement data

2020

The remitted photon path lengths in human skin can be estimated by modelling; however, there are very few experimental data available to validate the simulations. This study exploited the photon time of flight method where picosecond laser pulses at seven wavelength bands in the spectral range 560-800 nm were launched into in-vivo forearm skin of 10 volunteers via an optical fiber. The pulses of back-scattered light were detected via another optical fiber placed at variable distance (1, 8, 12, 16 or 20 mm) from the input fiber, with subsequent analysis of their shapes for all 35 spectral-spatial combinations. Using a deconvolution algorithm, the distribution functions of remitted photon arr…

Physics0303 health sciencesOptical fiberPhotonbusiness.industryPhysics::Optics01 natural sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPhoton countinglaw.invention010309 optics03 medical and health sciencesTime of flightWavelengthOpticsPath lengthlaw0103 physical sciencesDeconvolutionbusinessAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)030304 developmental biologyBiotechnologyBiomedical Optics Express
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Strong Exciton-Coherent Phonon Coupling in Single-Layer MoS2

2020

Broadband transient absorption with sub-20fs temporal resolution, supported by ab-initio calculations, quantitatively provides the strength of exciton-coherent phonon coupling in 1L-MoS2, showing a resonant profile around the C exciton.

PhysicsCouplingPhononExcitonCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectMolecular physicsPhoton countingCondensed Matter::Materials Sciencesymbols.namesakeTemporal resolutionUltrafast laser spectroscopysymbolsRaman spectroscopyRaman scatteringThe 22nd International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena 2020
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A digital approach for real time high-rate high-resolution radiation measurements

2014

Abstract Modern spectrometers are currently developed by using digital pulse processing (DPP) systems, showing several advantages over traditional analog electronics. The aim of this work is to present digital strategies, in a time domain, for the development of real time high-rate high-resolution spectrometers. We propose a digital method, based on the single delay line (SDL) shaping technique, able to perform multi-parameter analysis with high performance even at high photon counting rates. A robust pulse shape and height analysis (PSHA), applied on single isolated time windows of the detector output waveforms, is presented. The potentialities of the proposed strategy are highlighted thro…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsAnalogue electronicsSpectrometerDetectorSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentalePhoton countingSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Semiconductor detectorPulse (physics)Digital pulse processing Pulse height analysis Pulse shape analysis Real time processing Dead time correction Energy resolved photon countingElectronic engineeringWaveformTime domainInstrumentation
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Digital performance improvements of a CdTe pixel detector for high flux energy-resolved X-ray imaging

2015

Abstract Photon counting detectors with energy resolving capabilities are desired for high flux X-ray imaging. In this work, we present the performance of a pixelated Schottky Al/p-CdTe/Pt detector (4×4) coupled to a custom-designed digital readout electronics for high flux measurements. The detector (4×4×2 mm 3 ) has an anode layout based on an array of 16 pixels with a geometric pitch of 1 mm (pixel size of 0.6 mm). The 4-channel readout electronics is able to continuously digitize and process the signals from each pixel, performing multi-parameter analysis (event arrival time, pulse shape, pulse height, pulse time width, etc.) even at high fluxes and at different throughput and energy re…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsPixelPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsbusiness.industryEnergy-resolved photon counting detectorSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentaleDetectorSchottky diodePixel detectorSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Photon countingCharge sharingCdTe detectorHigh photon counting rateFull width at half maximumOpticsDigital pulse processingMonochromatic colorbusinessInstrumentationPulse shape analysiEnergy (signal processing)Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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Liquid-scintillation detection of preseparated 257Rf with the SISAK-system

2005

Abstract The fast liquid–liquid extraction system SISAK with continuous liquid scintillation detection was coupled to the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator to enable studies of the chemical properties of α -decaying transactinide elements. The preseparated transactinide 257Rf (4.7 s), was transported via a He/KCl-jet directly into the scintillation solution. This permitted the first unambiguous detection of transactinide atoms by the means of the α -liquid scintillation detectors of the SISAK-system. During the experiment, 89 257Rf atoms were observed. The type of events observed correspond well with the expectations based on half-lives, decay branches and transport- and hold-up times. The succ…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsScintillationLiquid scintillation countingAnalytical chemistrySeparator (oil production)chemistry.chemical_elementTransactinide elementNuclear magnetic resonancechemistryScintillation counterRutherfordiumSolvent extractionInstrumentationNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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Experimental results from Al/p-CdTe/Pt X-ray detectors

2013

Abstract Recently, Al/CdTe/Pt detectors have been proposed for the development of high resolution X-ray spectrometers. Due to the low leakage currents, these detectors allow high electric fields and the pixellization of anodes with the possibility to realize single charge carrier sensing detectors. In this work, we report on the results of electrical and spectroscopic investigations on CdTe diode detectors with Al/CdTe/Pt electrode configuration (4.1×4.1×0.75 and 4.1×4.1×2 mm 3 ). The detectors are characterized by very low leakage currents in the reverse bias operation: 0.3 nA at 25 °C and 2.4 pA at −25 °C under a bias voltage of −1000 V. The spectroscopic performance of the detectors at b…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsSpectrometerbusiness.industryDetectorX-ray detectorBiasingPhoton countingFull width at half maximumElectric fieldOptoelectronicsCharge carrierbusinessInstrumentationNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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Performance of a digital CdTe X-ray spectrometer in low and high counting rate environment

2010

Abstract The high performances of CdTe detectors for X-ray and gamma ray spectroscopy are already well known. Among the traditional semiconductor spectrometers, CdTe detectors show high detection efficiency and good room temperature performance and are well suited for the development of compact detection systems. In this work, we investigated the performance of a CdTe detector coupled with a custom digital pulse processing (DPP) system for X-ray spectroscopy. The DPP method, implemented on a PC platform, performs a pile-up inspection and a pulse height analysis of the preamplifier output pulses, digitized by a 14-bit, 100 MHz ADC. The spectroscopic results point out the excellent performanc…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsX-ray spectroscopySpectrometerPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsbusiness.industryPreamplifierSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentaleDetectorSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Photon countingOpticsSemiconductorGamma spectroscopyCdTe detectors X-ray spectroscopy Digital pulse processingbusinessSpectroscopyInstrumentationNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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Unitarity, analyticity and duality constraints in η and π photoproduction

2019

We report an update of the isobar model EtaMAID. A new approach is proposed to avoid double counting in the overlap region of Regge and resonances. Dispersion relation is applied on top of the isobar model, and both models describe the data equally well. Application of these ideas to pion photoproduction is discussed.

PhysicsParticle physicsUnitarity010308 nuclear & particles physicsPhysicsQC1-999Nuclear TheoryDouble counting (proof technique)Duality (optimization)01 natural sciencesPionDispersion relation0103 physical sciencesIsobarHigh Energy Physics::Experiment010306 general physicsNuclear ExperimentEPJ Web of Conferences
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Comparison of Silicon Photomultiplier Characteristics using Automated Test Setups

2016

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) are photo-sensors consisting of an array of hundreds to thousands pixels with a typical pitch of 10-100 μm. They exhibit an excellent photon counting and time resolution. Therefore applications of SiPMs are emerging in many fields. In order to characterize SiPMs, the PRISMA Detector Lab at Mainz has established three automated test setups. Setup-A is dedicated to measure the gain, the dark count rate and the optical crosstalk probability. The temperature dependencies are characterized by operating the setup in a climate chamber. Setup-B is an optical system to measure the photon detection efficiency. Setup-C addresses the most challenging aspect of comparing …

PhysicsPhotomultiplier010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industryDetectorLaser01 natural sciencesPhoton countingParticle detectorPhotodiodelaw.inventionLens (optics)OpticsSilicon photomultiplierlaw0103 physical sciences010306 general physicsbusinessInstrumentationMathematical PhysicsJournal of Instrumentation
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Detection system for forward emitted photons at the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI

2013

A single photon counting system has been developed for efficient detection of forward emitted fluorescence photons at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI. The system employs a movable parabolic mirror with a central slit that can be positioned around the ion beam and a selected low noise photomultiplier for detection of the collected photons. Compared to the previously used system of mirror segments installed inside the ESR the collection efficiency for forward-emitted photons is improved by more than a factor of 5. No adverse effects on the stored ion beam have been observed during operation besides a small drop in the ion current of about 5% during movement of the mirror into the b…

PhysicsPhotomultiplierPhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsPhotonIon beamAtomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)business.industryParabolic reflectorFOS: Physical sciencesIon currentInstrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)Photon countingPhysics - Atomic PhysicsOpticsbusinessInstrumentationMathematical PhysicsBeam (structure)Storage ringJournal of Instrumentation
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