Search results for " density"

showing 10 items of 2709 documents

A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Reactivity of Azomethine Imine in [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

2017

The electronic structure and the participation of the simplest azomethine imine (AI) in [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions have been analysed within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) using DFT calculations at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d) level. Electron localisation function (ELF) topological analysis reveals that AI has a pseudoradical structure, while the conceptual DFT reactivity indices characterise this TAC as a moderate electrophile and a good nucleophile. The non-polar 32CA reaction of AI with ethylene takes place through a one-step mechanism with low activation energy, 5.3 kcal/mol-1. A bonding evolution theory (BET) study indicates that this reaction takes place through a non-…

Models MolecularThiosemicarbazones[3+2] cycloaddition reactionsImineMolecular Conformationmolecular mechanismsazomethine iminePharmaceutical ScienceElectronsElectronic structureActivation energy010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesArticlebonding evolution theoryAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundNucleophileComputational chemistryDrug Discoveryconceptual density functional theoryMoleculeReactivity (chemistry)organic_chemistryelectron densityPhysical and Theoretical Chemistryazomethine imine; [3+2] cycloaddition reactions; molecular electron density theory; conceptual density functional theory; electron localisation function; bonding evolution theory; electron density; molecular mechanisms; chemical reactivityCycloaddition ReactionMolecular Structure010405 organic chemistrymolecular electron density theoryOrganic ChemistryCycloaddition0104 chemical scienceschemistryChemistry (miscellaneous)ElectrophileQuantum TheoryThermodynamicsMolecular MedicineDensity functional theoryImineselectron localisation functionAzo Compoundschemical reactivityMolecules; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 750
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Comparative 11A structure of two molluscan hemocyanins from 3D cryo-electron microscopy

2006

Abstract Hemocyanins are giant extracellular proteins that transport oxygen in the hemolymph of many molluscs. Molluscan hemocyanins are cylindrical decamers or didecamers of a 350–400 kDa subunit that contains seven or eight different covalently linked globular functional units (FUs), arranged in a linear manner. Each FU carries a single copper active site and reversibly binds one dioxygen molecule. As a consequence, the decamer can carry up to 70 or 80 O 2 molecules. Although complete sequence information is now available from several molluscan hemocyanins, many details of the quaternary structure are still unclear, including the topology of the 10 subunits within the decamer. Here we sho…

Models MolecularTransport oxygenCryo-electron microscopyMacromolecular Substancesmedicine.medical_treatmentProtein subunitGeneral Physics and AstronomyHemocyaninStructural BiologyHemolymphmedicineImage Processing Computer-AssistedAnimalsGeneral Materials ScienceProtein Structure QuaternarybiologyResolution (electron density)Cryoelectron MicroscopyActive siteHemocyaninCell BiologyCrystallographyMolluscaHemocyaninsbiology.proteinProtein quaternary structure
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Accurate Treatment of Large Supramolecular Complexes by Double-Hybrid Density Functionals Coupled with Nonlocal van der Waals Corrections.

2015

In this work, we present a thorough assessment of the performance of some representative double-hybrid density functionals (revPBE0-DH-NL and B2PLYP-NL) as well as their parent hybrid and GGA counterparts, in combination with the most modern version of the nonlocal (NL) van der Waals correction to describe very large weakly interacting molecular systems dominated by noncovalent interactions. Prior to the assessment, an accurate and homogeneous set of reference interaction energies was computed for the supramolecular complexes constituting the L7 and S12L data sets by using the novel, precise, and efficient DLPNO-CCSD(T) method at the complete basis set limit (CBS). The correction of the bas…

Models MolecularWork (thermodynamics)Macromolecular SubstancesAccurate treatmentSupramolecular chemistryVan der Waals surfaceDouble-hybrid density functionalsSet (abstract data type)symbols.namesakeLarge supramolecular complexesQuantum mechanicsNon-covalent interactionsComputer SimulationQuímica FísicaLimit (mathematics)Statistical physicsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryBasis setNonlocal van der Waals correctionschemistry.chemical_classificationChemistryComputer Science ApplicationsModels ChemicalsymbolsQuantum Theoryvan der Waals forceHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsJournal of chemical theory and computation
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A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Chemoselectivity, Regioselectivity, and Diastereofacial Selectivity in the Synthesis of an Anticance…

2019

The [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of an &alpha

Models Molecular[3 + 2] cycloaddition reactionsDouble bondNitrilePharmaceutical ScienceAntineoplastic Agentsdiastereofacial selectivityArticleAnalytical Chemistrylcsh:QD241-441chemistry.chemical_compoundlcsh:Organic chemistryComputational chemistryDrug DiscoveryReactivity (chemistry)Physical and Theoretical ChemistryChemoselectivitychemistry.chemical_classificationCycloaddition ReactionMolecular StructureOrganic Chemistrymolecular electron density theoryRegioselectivityStereoisomerismIsoxazolesCycloadditionα-santoninchemistryChemistry (miscellaneous)regioselectivitynitrile oxidesMolecular MedicineDensity functional theorySantoninDerivative (chemistry)Molecules
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A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Synthesis of Spirobipyrazolines through the Domino Reaction of Nitrilimines with Allenoates

2019

The reaction of diphenyl nitrilimine (NI) with methyl 1-methyl-allenoate yielding a spirobipyrazoline has been studied within molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d) computational level in dichloromethane. This reaction is a domino process that comprises two consecutive 32CA reactions with the formation of a pyrazoline intermediate. Analysis of the relative Gibbs free energies indicates that both 32CA reactions are highly regioselective, the first one being also completely chemoselective, in agreement with the experimental outcomes. The geometries of the TSs indicate that they are associated to asynchronous bond formation processes in which the shorter distance invo…

Models Molecular[3+2] cycloaddition reactionsMolecular ConformationPharmaceutical SciencePyrazoline010402 general chemistrynitrilimines7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesArticleallenoatesAnalytical Chemistrylcsh:QD241-441symbols.namesakechemistry.chemical_compoundlcsh:Organic chemistryNucleophileCascade reactionComputational chemistryDrug DiscoverySpiro CompoundsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryDichloromethaneCycloaddition ReactionMolecular Structure010405 organic chemistryChemistryNitrilimineOrganic Chemistrydomino reactionsmolecular electron density theoryRegioselectivityspirobipyrazolinesModels Theoretical0104 chemical sciencesGibbs free energyChemistry (miscellaneous)ElectrophilesymbolsMolecular MedicineIminesmolecular mechanismMolecules
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Reaction of 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole with Diethyl Phosphite and Triethyl Orthoformate: Acid-Base Properties and Antiosteoporotic Activities of the Prod…

2017

The reaction of diethyl phosphite with triethyl orthoformate and a primary amine followed by hydrolysis is presented, and the reaction was suitable for the preparation of (aminomethylene)bisphosphonates. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole was chosen as an interesting substrate for this reaction because it possesses multiple groups that can serve as the amino component in the reaction-namely, the side-chain and triazole amines. This substrate readily forms 1,2,4-triazolyl-3-yl-aminomethylenebisphosphonic acid (compound 1) as a major product, along with N-ethylated bisphosphonates as side products. The in vitro antiproliferative effects of the synthesized aminomethylenebisphosphonic acids against J774E m…

Models Molecularorganophosphorus chemistryPhosphitesBase (chemistry)FormatesTriazoleMolecular ConformationPharmaceutical ScienceOsteoclastsApoptosis010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesAnalytical Chemistrylcsh:QD241-441chemistry.chemical_compoundHydrolysisMicelcsh:Organic chemistryCell Line TumorDrug DiscoveryOrganic chemistryAnimals3-Amino-124-triazolePhysical and Theoretical Chemistrycrystallographychemistry.chemical_classificationBone Density Conservation AgentsDiphosphonates010405 organic chemistryChemistryCommunicationOrganic ChemistrySubstrate (chemistry)Triazolesthree-component reactionTriethyl orthoformateUV-Vis spectroscopyMagnetic Resonance Imaging0104 chemical sciencesP-containing drugstriazoleChemistry (miscellaneous)potentiometryaminomethylenebisphosponatesMolecular Medicineanti-proliferative activityAmine gas treatingpH-titrationbisphosphonic acidsMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)
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Effects of temperature and moisture fluctuations on an experimental soil microarthropod community

2001

Summary We established an experiment in microcosms with coniferous forest humus and birch leaf litter for testing the effects of constant vs. diurnally fluctuating temperature and uniform vs. varying moisture, on the population densities and species richness of Collembola and Mestostigmata. These parameters and the vertical distribution of populations were analysed by layers (top, centre, bottom) at two samplings (weeks 10 and 27). The hypotheses were that populations of at least some species benefit from fluctuating microclimate, and that varying conditions permit more species to coexist than uniform conditions. At fluctuating temperature regime, four species and total Collembola were more…

MoistureEcologyMicroclimateSoil ScienceMesostigmataSpecies richnessBiologyPlant litterMicrocosmbiology.organism_classificationPopulation densityEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsHumusPedobiologia
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Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma applied to post-extraction retained lower third molar alveoli. A systematic review

2013

Dental retentions have a high prevalence among the general population and their removal can involve multiple complications. The use of platelet rich plasma has been proposed in an attempt to avoid these complications, as it contains high growth factors and stimulates diverse biological functions that facilitate the healing of soft and hard tissues. Objectives: To evaluate the available scientific evidence related to the application of platelet-rich plasma in the post-extraction alveoli of a retained lower third molars. Material and Methods: A systematic review of published literature registered in the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane and NIH databases. The following categories were included: human…

MolarBone densityPopulationDentistryOdontologíalaw.inventionPostoperative ComplicationsRandomized controlled triallawmedicineHumansPlateletTooth SocketeducationGeneral DentistryDental alveoluseducation.field_of_studyPlatelet-Rich Plasmabusiness.industryResearchmedicine.disease:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]Ciencias de la saludOtorhinolaryngologyPlatelet-rich plasmaUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASTooth ExtractionMolar ThirdSurgeryOral SurgeryOsteitisbusiness
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Effects of zoledronic acid and dexamethasone on early phases of socket healing after tooth extraction in rats : a preliminary macroscopic and microsc…

2018

Background The exact pathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is still unknown. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of zoledronic acid and dexamethasone on the early phases of socket healing in rats subjected to tooth extractions. Material and Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: pharmacologically treated group (T, n=20) and non-pharmacologically treated group (C, n=10). T group rats received 0.1 mg/Kg of zoledronic acid (ZOL) and 1 mg/Kg of dexamethasone (DEX) three times a week for 10 consecutive weeks. C group rats were infused with vehicle. After 9 weeks from the first infusion, first maxillary molars were extrac…

MolarMalemedicine.medical_specialtyConnective tissueZoledronic AcidDexamethasoneBone remodelingRats Sprague-Dawley03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineOsteoclastInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsHumansTooth SocketGeneral DentistryDexamethasoneDental alveolusOral Medicine and PathologyBone Density Conservation AgentsDiphosphonatesbusiness.industryResearchOsteonecrosis030206 dentistrymedicine.disease:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]Ratsmedicine.anatomical_structureZoledronic acidEndocrinologyOtorhinolaryngologyUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASTooth ExtractionSurgerybusinessOsteonecrosis of the jawmedicine.drug
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Electric Polarization of Onsager Fluids. II. Birefringence. 2. Molar Kerr Constants of Binary Solutions

1994

MolarPolarization densityMaterials scienceBirefringenceCondensed matter physicsGeneral Physics and AstronomyBinary numberActa Physica Polonica A
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