Search results for " density"
showing 10 items of 2709 documents
Determinants of adherence to osteoporosis treatment in clinical practice.
2006
Introduction: Poor adherence to prescribed treatments is widespread in clinical practice and this can lead to potentially life-threatening events. This problem is apparently very common for osteoporosis treatment but the causes of discontinuation and low compliance are complex and poorly defined. Methods: Global adherence to osteoporosis treatment was specifically addressed in a nation-wide survey carried out in 9851 postmenopausal women referred to 141 Italian centres for osteoporosis management for a follow-up assessment, at least one year after having been prescribed a treatment with one of the following drugs: calcium±vitamin D supplements alone (CaVitD), hormone replacement therapy (HR…
A pragmatic window of opportunity to minimise the risk of MRONJ development in individuals with osteoporosis on Denosumab therapy: a hypothesis
2021
Abstract Denosumab is associated with the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), an uncommon but severe oral side effect with a higher prevalence in metastatic cancer patients than in patients with metabolic bone fragility. Although several oral triggers can initiate MRONJ, invasive oral treatments and tooth extraction still remain the most common precipitating event. In general, tooth extraction and oral surgery should be avoided in patients at increased risk of MRONJ, while extraction of non-restorable teeth should be performed based on specific risk reduction protocols to eliminate dental/periodontal infections, still protecting from MRONJ onset. Based on th…
The clinical significance of the size of low-density-lipoproteins and the modulation of subclasses by fibrates
2007
Beyond total low-density-lipoproteins (LDL) levels, increasing evidence suggests that the 'quality' of LDL exerts a great influence on the cardiovascular risk. Several studies have also shown that the therapeutic modulation of LDL size is of benefit in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Hypolipidaemic treatment is able to alter LDL subclass distribution but strong variations have been noticed among different agents. Fibrates have a major impact on triglyceride metabolism and in modulating LDL size and subclasses, but variations exist among the different molecules.A literature search (by Medline and Scopus) was performed using the following headings: 'small dense LDL', 'LDL size', '…
Influence of long-term postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy on estimated structural bone strength: A study in discordant monozygotic twins
2010
Although postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) is known to prevent fractures, knowledge on the influence of long-term HRT on bone strength and its determinants other than areal bone mineral density is scarce. This study used a genetically controlled design with 24 monozygotic female twin pairs aged 54 to 72 years in which one cotwin was using HRT (mean duration 8 years) and the other had never used HRT. Estimated bone strength, cross-sectional area, volumetric bone mineral density, bone mineral mass, and cross-sectional density and mass distributions were assessed in the tibial shaft, distal tibia, and distal radius with peripheral computed tomography (pQCT). In the tibial shaft,…
Effect of CYP1A1 Gene Polymorphisms on Estrogen Metabolism and Bone Density
2004
UNLABELLED: In this study, we evaluated the effect of polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 gene, linked to hormone-related cancers, on estrogen metabolism and BMD. We found that variants carrying the A allele (CA and AA) for the C4887A polymorphism have a significantly higher degree of estrogen catabolism and lower femoral BMD. INTRODUCTION: Polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 gene, one of the key enzymes that metabolize estrogen, have been linked with hormone-related cancers. We investigated the impact of these polymorphisms on estrogen metabolism and BMD, which is another hormone-dependent health issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy postmenopausal women (mean age, 63.5 +/- 0.6 years) particip…
Osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients assuming oral bisphosphonates for osteoporosis: A retrospective multi-hospital-based study of 87 Italian cases
2013
Abstract Background Bisphosphonates (BPs) are currently the chief drugs for the prevention/treatment of osteoporosis; one of their adverse effects is the osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). The primary endpoints of this multi-center cross-sectional study are: i) an observation of the clinical features of BRONJ in 87 osteoporotic, non-cancer patients; and ii) an evaluation of their demographic variables and comorbidities. Methods 87 BRONJ patients in therapy for osteoporosis with BPs from 8 participating clinical Italian centers were consecutively identified and studied. After BRONJ diagnosis and staging, comorbidities and data relating to local and drug-related risk factors for BRONJ were col…
Osteoporosis and bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Not just a sporadic coincidence-a multi-centre study
2011
Abstract Introduction Bisphosphonates (BPs) are powerful drugs that inhibit bone metabolism. Adverse side effects are rare but potentially severe such as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). To date, research has primarily focused on the development and progression of BRONJ in cancer patients with bone metastasis, who have received high dosages of BPs intravenously. However, a potential dilemma may arise from a far larger cohort, namely the millions of osteoporosis patients on long-term oral BP therapy. Patients and methods This current study assessed 470 cases of BRONJ diagnosed between 2004 and 2008 at eleven different European clinical centres and has resulted in the …
Determination of renal tissue ibandronate levels in rats with normal and mildly impaired renal function
2013
After entering the blood, bisphosphonates are immediately bound to bone or excreted unchanged by the kidney. During renal excretion about 0.5% of administrated dosage remains in kidney tissue. The renal tissue level of bisphosphonates (RTL) decreases over time and remains at about 0.15% after 3weeks, but the influence of renal insufficiency (RI) is unclear.We investigated the influence of mild to moderate RI on RTL of ibandronate (IBD). First a method for determination of RTL was implemented and validated. We measured RTL in rats with normal renal function (SHAM) and after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX). In each case one SHAM and one UNX groups received one or alternatively 9 times every 3wee…
Zoledronate, ibandronate and clodronate enhance osteoblast differentiation in a dose dependent manner – A quantitative in vitro gene expression analy…
2010
Bisphosphonates are widely used in the clinical treatment of bone diseases with increased bone resorption. In terms of side effects, they are known to be associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ). There are two groups of bisphosphonates: the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, e.g. zoledronate and ibandronate, and the non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, e.g. clodronate. Their impact on bone metabolism seems to differ. The objective of this study was to compare the osteogenic differentiation potency of these two pharmacologic groups. Human osteoblasts were stimulated with zoledronate and ibandronate at concentrations of 5×10(-5) M, 5×10(-6) M and 5×10(-7) M over the experimental …
Effects of ipriflavone on bone mass and calcium metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
1992
Recently it has been demonstrated that ipriflavone (IP), an isoflavone derivative, is able to increase bone mass in patients with established postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Here we present a preliminary report of a 2-year multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study performed in order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of IP in PMO. A large number of patients with PMO, referred to 12 Italian centers, was randomly divided into 2 groups and treated with oral IP (600 mg/day) or placebo (Pl). All patients received an oral Ca supplement (1 g/day). One hundred and twenty six patients completed 1 year of the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal radius, measure…