Search results for " diabetes and metabolism"

Retinoids induce MMP-9 expression through RARalpha during mammary gland remodeling.

2007

Retinoic acid (RA) is a signaling molecule in the morphogenesis of the mammary gland, modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this paper was to study the role of RA during weaning, which consists of three events: apoptosis of the secretory cells, degradation of the extracellular matrix, and adipogenesis. CRABP II and CRBP-1 carrier proteins increased significantly during weaning compared with lactating glands but reverted to control values after the litter resuckled. The effects of RA are mediated by the nuclear receptors RARalpha, RARbeta, RARgamma, and RXRalpha, which underwent an increase in protein levels during weaning. In an attempt to elucidate the R…

Dual-release hydrocortisone improves hepatic steatosis in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency: A real-life study

2019

Background:Conventional glucocorticoid treatment has a significant impact on liver in patients with adrenal insufficiency. Dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) provides physiological cortisol exposure, leading to an improvement in anthropometric and metabolic parameters. We aimed to evaluate the effects of 12-month DR-HC treatment on the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), a validated surrogate index of hepatic steatosis, in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI).Methods:A total of 45 patients with hypopituitarism, 22 with hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, ACTH, and GH deficiencies, and 23 with hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and ACTH deficiency, on replacement therapy for all the pituitar…

Treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis: Outcome in a 9-year, single-center, consecutive series (2006-2014)

2015

Electrocardiography for Assessment of Hypertensive Heart Disease: A New Role for an Old Tool

2016

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH), detected either by electrocardiography (ECG) or echocardiography (ECHO), has long been recognized as a powerful predictor of serious cardiovascular (CV) sequelae. A very large and highly consistent body of evidence indicates that LVH is not only an adaptation to increased hemodynamic load in hypertension, but is also independently associated with an enhanced risk for myocardial infarction, cardiac sudden death, congestive heart failure, and stroke in the general population, as well as in patients with systemic hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and atrial fibrillation. Intriguingly, the cumulative incidence of cardiovascula…

Endothelial function, adipokine serum levels and white matter hyperintesities in subjects with diabetic foot syndrome.

2019

Abstract Context No study has analyzed the prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in subjects with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) and their relationship to adipokine serum levels and indexes of endothelial and cognitive performance. Objective To evaluate omentin and vaspin serum levels and the prevalence of WMHs in subjects with DFS and to analyze their relationship with other endothelial, arterial stiffness, and cognitive functions. Design Case-control study enrolling 40 subjects with DFS, 40 diabetic subjects without foot complications, 40 controls with foot lesions without diabetes, and 40 patients without diabetes mellitus. Main Outcome Measures Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augm…

A novel component of the metabolic syndrome: The oxidative stress

2009

The metabolic syndrome (MS) represents a cluster of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors associated to CV disease and type 2 diabetes. It is still under debate whether MS is a mere aggregation of risk factors or it represents a clinical entity with visceral obesity as underlying pathophysiological trigger. The publication of several diagnostic criteria of MS by scientific associations or experts panels reflects this uncertainty in understanding the real nature of MS. Besides the metabolic disturbances of MS, as visceral obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension and hyperglycemia, novel mechanisms of arterial damage have been identified. This paper reviews the evidence sho…

Impact of chronic diuretic treatment on glucose homeostasis

2013

Background The use of diuretics for hypertension has been associated with unfavorable changes in cardiovascular risk factors, such as uric acid and glucose tolerance, though the findings in the literature are contradictory. Methods This study investigated whether diuretic use is associated with markers of metabolic and cardiovascular risk, such as insulin-resistance and uric acid, in a cohort of adults without known diabetes and/or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nine hundred sixty-nine randomly selected participants answered a questionnaire on clinical history and dietary habits. Laboratory blood measurements were obtained in 507 participants. Results Previously undiagnosed type 2 …

Determinants of adherence to osteoporosis treatment in clinical practice.

2006

Introduction: Poor adherence to prescribed treatments is widespread in clinical practice and this can lead to potentially life-threatening events. This problem is apparently very common for osteoporosis treatment but the causes of discontinuation and low compliance are complex and poorly defined. Methods: Global adherence to osteoporosis treatment was specifically addressed in a nation-wide survey carried out in 9851 postmenopausal women referred to 141 Italian centres for osteoporosis management for a follow-up assessment, at least one year after having been prescribed a treatment with one of the following drugs: calcium±vitamin D supplements alone (CaVitD), hormone replacement therapy (HR…

The Interplay between Magnesium and Testosterone in Modulating Physical Function in Men

2014

The role of nutritional status as determinant of successful aging is very well recognized. There is recent evidence that nutrition may exert its beneficial effects through the modulation of the hormonal anabolic milieu. Under-nutrition and anabolic hormonal deficiency frequently coexist in older individuals determining an increased risk of mobility impairment and adverse outcomes. Mineral dietary assessment has received attention as key component of the nutritional modulation of anabolic status and physical performance. There is evidence that several minerals, including magnesium, exert a positive influence on Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion in both sexes, and Testosterone (T…

May Dyspnea Sensation Influence the Sexual Function in Men With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome? A Prospective Control Study

2019

Abstract Introduction Dyspnea sensation is frequently present in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) patients; however, its possible influence on sexual function and body image has not been well analyzed. Aims To evaluate sexual function, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD), and body image during sexual activity and its relationship with dyspnea in men with OSA. Methods 129 men were included in the prospective study, with 61 diagnosed with OSA (cases) and 68 age- and BMI-matched healthy control subjects. Patients were assessed for the severity of heart failure by the New York Heart Association scale and dyspnea by the Visual Analogue Scale. OSA was confirmed by in-laboratory polyso…