Search results for " diabetes"
showing 10 items of 2906 documents
Glucose control in the older patient: from intensive, to effective and safe.
2009
Older adults represent an extensive proportion of Type 2 diabetic patients. Managing diabetes in this population is challenging, because complex comorbidity and disability often mean that guidelines are not suitable on an individual basis. Recent evidence has raised animated discussion of the possibility that intensive glucose control may cause more harm than benefit, especially in older adults. The benefit of glycemic control on microvascular diabetic complications has been consistently demonstrated, but the evidence of benefit on macrovascular disease is not uniform in all studies. Glycemic control appears to prevent the development of cardiovascular events, but is less helpful in seconda…
Attitudes towards insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes patients among healthcare providers: A survey research
2016
Aims: To describe the views of healthcare providers about starting insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and to determine the specific factors that contribute to delay insulin initiation. Methods: Two-phases observational descriptive study. In the quantitative phase we conducted a cross-sectional survey of a sample of 380 healthcare professionals (general practitioners (GPs), endocrinologists, internists and nurses). In the qualitative phase, a discussion group reviewed the results of the survey to propose solutions. Results: In poorly controlled patients, 46% of GPs vs. 43.2% of internists and 31.3% of endocrinologists waited 3-6 months before starting insulin, and 71.4% of GPs vs. 66.7…
Common missense variant in the glucokinase regulatory protein gene is associated with increased plasma triglyceride and C-reactive protein but lower …
2008
OBJECTIVE—Using the genome-wide association approach, we recently identified the glucokinase regulatory protein gene (GCKR, rs780094) region as a novel quantitative trait locus for plasma triglyceride concentration in Europeans. Here, we sought to study the association of GCKR variants with metabolic phenotypes, including measures of glucose homeostasis, to evaluate the GCKR locus in samples of non-European ancestry and to fine- map across the associated genomic interval. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed association studies in 12 independent cohorts comprising >45,000 individuals representing several ancestral groups (whites from Northern and Southern Europe, whites from the …
Low bcl-2 expression and increased spontaneous apoptosis in T-lymphocytes from newly-diagnosed IDDM patients.
1995
The bcl-2 gene product has been shown to regulate apoptotic cell death, and its dysregulation has been shown to induce several abnormalities in the immune system. No data exist regarding bcl-2 expression in autoimmune diseases, such as human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We investigated bcl-2 protein expression by testing T lymphocytes from 15 newly-diagnosed (3 weeks) IDDM patients in comparison to 10 age-matched control subjects. The expression of bcl-2 on CD3+ lymphocyte subsets was investigated after membrane permeabilization by two- or three-colour immunofluorescence. When the percentage and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of bcl-2+/CD3+ cells from normal individuals an…
Sleep apnoea severity independently predicts glycaemic health in nondiabetic subjects: the ESADA study
2014
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of dysglycaemia but the intimate link of these conditions with obesity makes discerning an independent relationship between them challenging. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in nondiabetics but there is a lack of population-level data exploring the relationship of HbA1c with OSA. A cross-sectional analysis of 5294 participants in the multinational European Sleep Apnoea Cohort (European Sleep Apnoea Database) study was performed, assessing the relationship of OSA severity with HbA1c levels in nondiabetic subjects, with adjustment for confounding factors. HbA1c levels cor…
Salivary composition in obese vs normal-weight subjects: towards a role in postprandial lipid metabolism?
2015
In the pathophysiological context of obesity, oral exposure to dietary fat can modulate lipid digestion and absorption but underlying in-mouth mechanisms have not been clearly identified. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that salivary components related to dietary fat sensitivity would differ according to BMI and postprandial lipid metabolism in young men. Saliva was collected from 9 normal-weight (BMI=22.3±0.5 kg/m2) and 9 non-morbid obese (BMI=31.7±0.3 kg/m2) men before a 8 h-postprandial metabolic exploration test involving the consumption of a 40 g fat-meal, in which obese subjects revealed a delayed postprandial lipid metabolism. Nine salivary characteristics (flow, protein content, …
Role of skeletal muscle-fibre type in regulation of glucose metabolism in middle-aged subjects with impaired glucose tolerance during a long-term exe…
2005
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle fibre type in the regulation of glucose metabolism in middle-aged obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during a 2-year exercise anddietary intervention. Methods: Muscle biopsies (musculus vastus lateralis) were taken from 22 subjects belonging to the intervention group of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study [1]. According to their myosin heavy chain (MHC) profile at the baseline, the subjects were divided into two groups: IGT s l o w (n = 10) with a high proportion of MHC I isoforms and IGT f a s t (n = 12) with a high proportion of MHC II isoforms in the vastus lateralis muscle. The intervention con…
Pasta consumption and connected dietary habits: Associations with glucose control, adiposity measures, and cardiovascular risk factors in people with…
2019
Background: Pasta is a refined carbohydrate with a low glycemic index. Whether pasta shares the metabolic advantages of other low glycemic index foods has not really been investigated. The aim of this study is to document, in people with type-2 diabetes, the consumption of pasta, the connected dietary habits, and the association with glucose control, measures of adiposity, and major cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We studied 2562 participants. The dietary habits were assessed with the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) questionnaire. Sex-specific quartiles of pasta consumption were created in order to explore the study aims. Results: A higher pasta con…
Correlation between different degree and duration of metabolic control and thyroid hormone levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetics.
1983
Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3) and HbA1c were assayed in 21 insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetics and in 45 non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetics with normal thyroid function and different levels of control, and were compared to values found in apparently healthy controls. rT3 and rT3/T3 ratio were significantly increased both in type 1 and type 2 diabetics. T3 and T4 were significantly lower in type 2 diabetics than in the controls. Significant positive correlations of HbA1c to rT3 (r = 0.63) and to rT3/T3 ratio (r = 0.53) were found in type 1, and in type 2 diabetics (HbA1c, rT3-r = 0.50), (HbA1c, rT3/T3-r = 0.37). There was no correlation between glycemia (BG),…
Long-term graft function of adult rat and human islets encapsulated in novel alginate-based microcapsules after transplantation in immunocompetent di…
2005
We describe the results of the first study to show that adult rat and human islets can be protected against xenogenic rejection in immunocompetent diabetic mice by encapsulating them in a novel alginate-based microcapsule system with no additional permselective membrane. Nonencapsulated islets lost function within 4–8 days after being transplanted into diabetic Balb/c mice, whereas transplanted encapsulated adult rat or human islets resulted in normoglycemia for >7 months. When rat islet grafts were removed 10 and 36 weeks after transplantation, the mice became immediately hyperglycemic, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the encapsulated islets. The explanted capsules showed only a …