Search results for " diabetes"
showing 10 items of 2906 documents
Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects
2010
Background/Objectives: Coffee is the most widely consumed beverage in the world, but its effect on the cardiovascular system has not been fully understood. Coffee contains caffeine and antioxidants, which may influence endothelial function, both of which have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the acute effects of coffee on endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Subjects/Methods: A total of 20 (10 males and 10 females) healthy non-obese subjects underwent a double-blind, crossover study. Subjects ingested one cup of caffeinated (CC) and one cup of decaffeinated (DC) Italian espresso coffee in random order at 5- t…
Glycated serum proteins and glucose tolerance
1988
Glycated serum proteins (GSP), stable glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) together with some metabolic parameters were evaluated in 120 subjects, 30 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 30 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 30 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDD), and 30 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD). GSP levels were significantly higher in IGT, NIDD and IDD than in NGT. HbA1c levels were not significantly higher in IGT in comparison with NGT, but were significantly higher in NIDD and in IDD than in NGT and IGT. GSP correlated better than HbA1c with all metabolic parameters considered. Taking into account the distribution of the values, GSP showed a smaller overl…
Association between irisin and homocysteine in euglycemic and diabetic subjects
2014
Abstract Objectives The aim of study was to explore whether a relationship exists between homocysteine and irisin in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients—a population with a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease—and euglycemic controls. Design and methods 69 T2D patients and 75 control subjects (adjusted by body mass index (BMI)) were included in the study. Irisin and homocysteine concentrations and anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined. Results Levels of homocysteine were significantly higher (11.0 ± 3.0 vs 12.4 ± 4.2 μmol/l) and levels of irisin were lower (279 ± 58 vs 263 ± 38 ng/ml) in T2D patients. When both T2D and controls were considered, irisin was found to co…
Effects of marathon running on plasma total homocysteine concentrations.
2003
Summary Aims There is evidence of an excess of acute cardiovascular (CV) events in marathon runners. High plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are a recognised risk factor for CV events. Therefore, we investigated the changes in plasma tHcy concentrations 24 h before and after a marathon race. Methods and results Twenty-two non-professional male athletes, mean age 35.6 (6.6), range 23–49 years, were studied the day before and 24 h after finishing a marathon race. None of the athletes was a carrier of the MTHFR 677TT genotype and no ingestion of supplements of vitamins (B12, B6, folic acid) was allowed. Results Changes in plasma folate and plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were no…
Evaluation of CGMS® During Rapid Blood Glucose Changes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
2006
CGMS (Medtronic Minimed, Duesseldorf, Germany) allows continuous glucose monitoring. Recent studies with invasive monitoring techniques revealed discrepancies in blood glucose measurements obtained from different anatomical sites compared with those from the fingertip. The aim of this study was to investigate the CGMS and a device for alternative site testing (AST) during dynamic blood glucose changes and to compare these results with fingertip measurements.Twelve patients with type 1 diabetes (seven women, five men; age, 33.3 +/- 8.7 years) received a 75-g oral glucose load. Insulin was applied intravenously (rapid glucose decline) or subcutaneously (moderate glucose decline) in a dosage b…
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte membrane fluidity and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in diabetes mellitus.
1998
We evaluated polymorphonuclear membrane (PMN) fluidity in 32 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 38 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 38 normal control subjects, by marking intact and unstimulated PMN cells with the fluorescent probe 1-[4-(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH). We also evaluated PMN cytosolic Ca2+ content by marking intact and unstimulated PMN cells with the fluorescent probe Fura 2-AM. PMN membrane fluidity differentiated normal subjects from type 1 and 2 diabetic subjects. The PMN cytosolic Ca2+ concentration did not discriminate type 1 and 2 diabetic subjects from normal control subjects. No statistical correlation was found between PMN …
Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance are associated with word memory source monitoring recollection deficits but not simple recognition fam…
2013
It has been established that type 2 diabetes, and to some extent, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), are associated with general neuropsychological impairments in episodic memory. However, the effect of abnormalities in glucose metabolism on specific retrieval processes such as source monitoring has not been investigated. The primary aim was to investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes and IGT on simple word recognition (familiarity) and complex source monitoring (recollection). A secondary aim was to examine the effect of acute breakfast glycaemic load manipulations on episodic memory.Data are presented from two separate studies; (i) 24 adults with type 2 diabetes and 12 controls aged 45-75…
A low reported energy intake is associated with metabolic syndrome.
2009
Background and aims: Metabolic syndrome (MS) may be associated with the presence of an energy sparing metabolism that predisposes to the excess accumulation of body fat. This study examined the relationship between reported energy intake and obesity in individuals with and without MS. Methods and results: Ninety consecutive non-diabetic obese subjects were divided into two groups based on the presence (MS+: n= 50) or absence (MS-: n= 40) of metabolic syndrome. The study design was cross-sectional. The three-day food record method was used to assess the subjects' usual energy intake and the Diet Readiness Test (DRT) was also administered. Compared to the MS- group, the MS+ group had a signif…
Body weight variation and control of cardiovascular risk factors in essential hypertension.
2009
The objective was to assess the impact of weight changes on blood pressure (BP), lipids and glucose goals in a cohort of hypertensive subjects.Prospective follow-up.Hypertension clinic.326 hypertensive non-diabetic subjects, 46% with metabolic syndrome (MS).Usual care treatment, which included diet, physical exercise and drugs prescribed when indicated. All patients were observed for up to 1 year.BP and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) goal were those in ESH/ESC and ATP III recommendations, respectively. The glucose goal was to delay progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus, or to achieve blood glucose100 mg/dl for non-diabetics. According to body weight changes, patients were cat…
Resting Energy expenditure in type 2 diabetic patients and the effect of insulin bolus
2014
Aims: Resting energy expenditure (REE) plays a critical role in the regulation of body weight, with important implications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the relationships between REE and T2D have not been extensively evaluated. We compared REE in persons with diabetes and in persons without diabetes. We also investigated the acute effect of insulin on REE and venous lactate, the latter an indirect measure of neoglucogenetic activity. Methods: REE was measured using indirect calorimetry in 14 newly diagnosed, untreated T2D adults and in 14 non-diabetic age-, gender- and body mass index-matched persons. The REE and lactate venous concentrations were also measured in a subgroup of 5 T2D p…