Search results for " differences"
showing 10 items of 431 documents
A tale of two trade-offs: Effects of opening pathways from vocational to higher education
2021
Abstract This paper studies the effects of a vocational secondary school reform implemented in Finland between 1999 and 2001. The reform extended vocational two-year programs to three years and made all graduates eligible to apply for university. For identification, we exploit the gradual implementation of the reform, and use a differences-in-differences approach and administrative register data up to 13 years after the reform. We find no long-term effect on enrollment in further education or labor market outcomes. However, our results illustrate that the reform increased the dropout probability. Thus, the benefits of opening pathways from vocational to higher education may be outweighed by…
Migrant Women-experiences from the Mediterranean Region
2019
Introduction: The phenomenon of migration is characterized and influenced by a number of different variables; and the different stages of journey are related to different levels and types of psychological distress. Women, in particular, are exposed to further specific risks during migration. Aim: To determine the factors that affect the psychological health of migrant women during the different stages of the migration journey. Methods: We provide a narrative review of the literature around the experiences of women during migration process, with a geographical focus on women migrating to the Mediterranean area. Results: Little data is currently available on the burden of mental health disor…
Gender differences in career advancements in Italian universities over the last 20 years
2023
This article deals with gender differences in Italian universities in the last 20 years in terms of career advancements. Data are taken from the MUR (Ministry of University and Research) archive. In Italy, career advancements are still much easier for men, even if the gender gap has slowly narrowed in the last decades. The novelty of this paper is the analysis through event-history analysis models on the time elapsed to receive a promotion (from assistant to associate professor and from associate to full professor). The event-history analysis applied to career advancements has revealed that women take, on average, about one and a half more years than men to advance, with some differences am…
Gender differences in Italian STEM degree courses: a discrete-time competing-risks model
2020
In this paper, we highlight possible gender differences in performance of students attending Italian university STEM degree courses, controlling for sociodemographic and territorial variables.We used the micro-data from the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research database of the 2011-12 freshmen cohort enrolled at an Italian bachelor university degree course. The analysis was dealt with by fitting a discrete-time competing-risks model. Bachelor degree graduation, dropout, and change to non-STEM courses were considered as competing events. The aim is to highlight gender gaps in the student performance, and the STEM courses where this gap is more critical.
Are Women More Empathetic than Men? A Longitudinal Study in Adolescence
2009
Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in analysing sex differences in psychological variables. Empirical studies and meta-analyses have contributed evidence on the differences between male and female individuals. More recently, the gender similarities hypothesis has supported the similarity of men and women in most psychological variables. This study contributes information on women's greater empathic disposition in comparison with men by means of a longitudinal design in an adolescent population. 505 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years were evaluated at two different moments (grade 2 and grade 3, lower secondary education). They completed the Index of Empat…
Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions
2003
The authors thank Susan Sprecher (USA), Del Paulhus (Canada), Glenn D. Wilson (England), Qazi Rahman (England), Alois Angleitner (Germany), Angelika Hofhansl (Austria), Tamio Imagawa (Japan), Minoru Wada (Japan), Junichi Taniguchi (Japan), and Yuji Kanemasa (Japan) for helping with data collection and contributing significantly to the samples used in this study.
Evidence for shared environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity traits. A twin study
2019
Background and objectives: Behavior-genetic analyses have shown that measurements of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are genetically-influenced. In view of limited studies on ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in Spanish samples, this study aims to explore the genetic architecture of ADHD symptoms; inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in a Spanish twin schoolchildren sample. Methods: Participants were 258 pairs of adolescent Spanish twins. Symptoms of ADHD, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were assessed by means of a sub-scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Univariate twin models, according to sex, were run to assess the heritability of…
Student teachers’ responsible use of ICT: Examining two samples in Spain and Norway
2020
Information and communication technology (ICT) has become an important component of initial teacher education (ITE) in Europe and in the continuous professional development of practising teachers. The development of professional digital competence (PDC) is emerging as an essential part of teacher education. Due to the increasing use of ICT and the growing number of online teaching and learning resources, the responsible use of ICT has become one of the key aspects of PDC. For the purpose of this paper, the responsible use of ICT includes privacy issues, cyberbullying and the ability to evaluate digital content. We examine Spanish and Norwegian student teachers' perceived competence in priva…
On the fractional probabilistic Taylor's and mean value theorems
2016
In order to develop certain fractional probabilistic analogues of Taylor's theorem and mean value theorem, we introduce the nth-order fractional equilibrium distribution in terms of the Weyl fractional integral and investigate its main properties. Specifically, we show a characterization result by which the nth-order fractional equilibrium distribution is identical to the starting distribution if and only if it is exponential. The nth-order fractional equilibrium density is then used to prove a fractional probabilistic Taylor's theorem based on derivatives of Riemann-Liouville type. A fractional analogue of the probabilistic mean value theorem is thus developed for pairs of nonnegative rand…
The Electoral Effects of Offshoring-Induced Mass-Layoffs: Germany in Comparative Perspective
2012
How does globalization’s impact on the labor market affect political preferences? This study takes up the strategy of a recent contribution (Margalit 2011a) and studies the local electoral effects of regional job losses due to offshoring. By applying the analytical strategy to German national elections in 2005 and 2009, it studies whether and how the finding on U.S. presidential elections travels to other contexts. Theoretically, the contribution adds a perspective suggested by previous research on the individual level political consequences of the globalization-labor market link that addresses the likely social policy preferences of globalization’s losers. Preliminary empirical results ind…