Search results for " differences"
showing 10 items of 431 documents
Predicting life satisfaction in Angolan elderly: the moderating effect of gender
2014
Existe abundante investigación que ha estudiado la satisfacción vital en personas mayores y ha encontrado evidencia empírica de sus mejores predictores. Cuando se estudia la satisfacción con la vida de las personas mayores y sus predictores se hallan diferencias en función del género incluyendo, por ejemplo, las interacciones con la viudedad. En este contexto, el presente estudio se ha centrado en los siguientes objetivos: (1) poner a prueba la invarianza en función del género de una medida de satisfacción con la vida, (2) predecir la satisfacción vital usando varias variables relacionadas con el proceso de envejecimiento y (3) poner a prueba el potencial efecto moderador del género en esta…
The effects of using participatory working time scheduling software on sickness absence: A difference-in-differences study.
2020
Abstract Background Participatory working time scheduling is a collaborative approach to scheduling shift work. As a potential way of improving work time control, it may provide a means to reducing sickness absence in shift work. So far, experimental and quasi-experimental studies on the effects of increased work time control on sickness absence are lacking. Objective To investigate the effects of using digital participatory working time scheduling software on ward-level sickness absence among Finnish hospital employees. Participants and methods This quasi-experimental study compared the amount of sickness absence in hospital wards using a participatory working time scheduling software (n=1…
Scheduled Relaxation Jacobi method: improvements and applications
2016
Elliptic partial differential equations (ePDEs) appear in a wide variety of areas of mathematics, physics and engineering. Typically, ePDEs must be solved numerically, which sets an ever growing demand for efficient and highly parallel algorithms to tackle their computational solution. The Scheduled Relaxation Jacobi (SRJ) is a promising class of methods, atypical for combining simplicity and efficiency, that has been recently introduced for solving linear Poisson-like ePDEs. The SRJ methodology relies on computing the appropriate parameters of a multilevel approach with the goal of minimizing the number of iterations needed to cut down the residuals below specified tolerances. The efficien…
Spectroscopy on the proton drip-line: Probing the structure dependence of isospin nonconserving interactions
2014
J. Henderson et al. ; 4 pags. ; 4 figs. ; PACS number(s): 21.10.Re, 21.60.Cs, 23.20.Lv, 27.50.+e
Phonological precision for word recognition in skilled readers
2019
According to the lexical quality hypothesis (Perfetti, 2007), differences in the orthographic, semantic, and phonological representations of words will affect individual reading performance. Whilst several studies have focused on orthographic precision and semantic coherence, few have considered phonological precision. The present study used a suite of individual difference measures to assess which components of lexical quality contributed to competition resolution in a masked priming experiment. The experiment measured form priming for word and pseudoword targets with dense and sparse neighbourhoods in 84 university students. Individual difference measures of language and cognitive skills …
Cognitive structuring and placebo effect
2017
Abstract In much of the research concerning the placebo phenomenon, the idea that placebo effects may vary in strength depending on a patient's personal characteristics or traits has been investigated. Findings regarding possible personality differences in placebo response, however, are conflicting and non-systematic. In this article a new theoretical attempt to explain the placebo phenomenon is offered. The authors postulate that the power of the placebo effect is moderated by the extent of use of cognitive structuring, which in turn is influenced by the interaction between the individuals' level of need for cognitive closure and their ability to achieve this state. To test this assumption…
Similarities and Differences of Mental Health in Women and Men: A Systematic Review of Findings in Three Large German Cohorts
2021
In Germany, large, population-based cohort studies have been implemented in order to identify risk and protective factors for maintaining health across the life span. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse findings from three large ongoing cohorts and to identify sex-specific prevalence rates, risk and protective factors for mental health. Published studies from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region Augsburg (KORA), the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) and the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)), representing the southern, north-eastern and middle parts of Germany, were identified through searches of the databases PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 52 articles was ident…
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures on Quality of Life among Italian General Population
2021
The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world in the year 2020 has put a strain on our ability to cope with events and revolutionized our daily habits. On 9 March, Italy was forced to lockdown to prevent the spread of the infection, with measures including the mandatory closure of schools and nonessential activities, travel restrictions, and the obligation to spend entire weeks in the same physical space. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on quality of life (QoL) in a large Italian sample, in order to investigate possible differences in QoL levels related to both demographic and pandemic-specific variables. A total of 2251 Italian a…
Foreign Language Learners’ Pronunciation Learning Beliefs and Strategies
2021
This quantitative research investigates the extent to which adult L2 learners act in line with what they declare to believe in regarding pronunciation learning. In other words, this paper focuses on determining the strength of the relationship between the frequency of use of L2 pronunciation learning strategies (PLS) and the beliefs the individuals hold on selected factors affecting pronunciation acquisition, pronunciation instruction, self-efficacy, pronunciation learning goals and affective factors in pronunciation learning. A group of 116 learners of English as a foreign language who took an English phonetics course responded to the Pronunciation Learning Strategies Inventory (PLSI) and …
Contributions of Nonverbal Cues to the Accurate Judgment of Personality Traits
2019
In this chapter, we summarize research on nonverbal expressions of behavior (nonverbal cues) and how they contribute to the accuracy of personality judgments. First, we present a conceptual overview of relevant nonverbal cues in the domains of facial expressions, body language, paralanguage, and appearance as well as approaches to assess these cues on different levels of aggregation. We then summarize research on the validity of nonverbal cues (what kind of nonverbal cues are good indicators of personality?) as well as the utilization of nonverbal cues (what kind of nonverbal cues lead to personality impressions?), resulting in a catalogue of those cues that drive judgment accuracy for diff…