Search results for " differences"
showing 10 items of 431 documents
An order-adaptive compact approximation Taylor method for systems of conservation laws
2021
Abstract We present a new family of high-order shock-capturing finite difference numerical methods for systems of conservation laws. These methods, called Adaptive Compact Approximation Taylor (ACAT) schemes, use centered ( 2 p + 1 ) -point stencils, where p may take values in { 1 , 2 , … , P } according to a new family of smoothness indicators in the stencils. The methods are based on a combination of a robust first order scheme and the Compact Approximate Taylor (CAT) methods of order 2p-order, p = 1 , 2 , … , P so that they are first order accurate near discontinuities and have order 2p in smooth regions, where ( 2 p + 1 ) is the size of the biggest stencil in which large gradients are n…
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENCE LEVELS CHANGES AND FACTORS OF INFLUENCE
2021
Physical activity (PA) is considered a health imperative, so it is understandable that physical inactivity imposes a serious health threat. The fact that alarming decline in physical activity levels (PALs) occurs in adolescence is particularly concerning. Accordingly, the dissertation deals with PA issues among adolescents in regular conditions and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Generally, changes and correlates of the PALs in the period from 14 to 18 years of age and in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic are investigated. Four presented studies analyze the specified problems in adolescents from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and are among the first studies that examined this issue in S…
Is more choice always worse? Age differences in the overchoice effect
2015
ABSTRACTCurrent research on the overchoice effect has been mainly conducted from an adult point of view and with adult subjects. This study investigates whether children, adolescents, and seniors suffer the same negative consequences as adults when facing an overabundance of choice. Findings showed that the overchoice effect did not equally extend to all age groups. While adolescents were affected by the phenomenon in a very similar way as adults, children and seniors suffered fewer negative consequences of an overabundance of choice. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Maximizing versus satisficing in the digital age: Disjoint scales and the case for “construct consensus”
2018
Abstract A question facing us today, in the new and rapidly evolving digital age, is whether searching for the best option – being a maximizer – leads to greater happiness and better outcomes than settling on the first good enough option found – or “satisficing.” Answers to this question inform behavioural insights to improve well-being and decision-making in policy and organizational settings. Yet, the answers to this fundamental question of measurement of the happiness of a maximizer versus a satisficer in the current psychological literature are: 1) conflicting; 2) anchored on the use of the first scale published to measure maximization as an individual-difference, and 3) unable to descr…
The role of working memory on writing processes.
2021
Literature has extensively demonstrated the coordination role of working memory (WM) in complex tasks such as writing. However, previous studies mostly concentrated on the relation between passive WM (e.g., WM span) components and specific writing tasks (e.g., dictation). Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between different writing skills and the performance on a WM updating task measuring the more active components of WM. From a pool of 160 Italian pupils (grades 3–5), we selected 46 children divided in two groups based on their WM updating performance. The first group consisted of 21 children with low WM updating performance (≤10th percentile), the second group consisted of 25…
The Italian version of the Thinking About Life Experiences Questionnaire and its relationship with gender, age, and life events on Facebook
2020
The present study provided a cross-cultural validation of the Thinking About Life Experiences Scale-revised (TALE-R) in an Italian sample of Facebook users (n = 492; female = 378; male = 114; mean age 26.1) to test for replication and universality of the TALE-R three-factor model. Furthermore, it explored the interrelations among gender, age, the scores at the TALE-R and the frequency of posting textual/visual information about individuals' life events on Facebook. Results at exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis gave empirical support to both of a tripartite model for the functions of autobiographical memory (i.e., directive-behavior, social-bonding, and self-continuity) and measure…
Differences in achievement not in intelligence in the north and south of Italy: Comments on Lynn (2010a, 2010b)
2012
Lynn (2010a, 2010b) argued that individuals from south Italy have a lower IQ than individuals from north Italy, and that these differences in IQ are at the basis of north–south gap in income, education, infant mortality, stature, and literacy. In the present paper, we discuss several theoretical and methodological aspects which we regard as flaws of Lynn's studies. Moreover, we report scores of southern Italian children on Raven's Progressive Matrices and a north–south comparison for the PASS theory of intelligence as measured by the Cognitive Assessment System (Taddei & Naglieri, 2006). Both results reveal similar levels of performance of northern and southern Italian children in fluid int…
L’EFFETTO DEL SOVRACCARICO DI SCELTA. UN’INDAGINE SU BAMBINI, ADOLESCENTI, ADULTI, E ANZIANI
2014
L’effetto del sovraccarico di scelta è stato finora studiato solo su adulti. Il presente lavoro si propone di indagare se le conseguenze negative dell’avere troppa scelta si estendono anche a bambini, adolescenti, e anziani. I dati suggeriscono che mentre gli adolescenti sono influenzati dal fenomeno in modo simile agli adulti, i bambini e gli anziani sembrano invece esserne immuni. Sono discusse le implicazioni teoriche e pratiche dei risultati e vengono forniti spunti per ulteriori ricerche
The Decision Making Tendency Inventory: A new measure to assess maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing
2015
Abstract We introduce the Decision Making Tendency Inventory (DMTI), a new scale for measuring the decision-making tendencies to maximize, to satisfice, and to minimize. The scale has promising psychometric properties. Our findings show that the revealed tendencies are independent from each other and from the specific decision-making domain. Each factor is differently related to a set of indices of well-being and functioning, suggesting intriguing considerations regarding the distinctive characteristics of maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing. The DMTI extends previous research on maximizing and might contribute to explain the inconsistent results in the literature. Directions for future…
Socio-developmental aspects of European identity: The influence of age, gender and context
2010
In the last years, researchers have been interested in understanding factors affecting the development of European identity. To contribute new insights to the literature, this study explored how age, gender and context variables influence the process of European identification and the attitudes towards Europeans in two different Italian groups: Northern Italians and Southern Italians. Interview data were collected from 1037 children and adolescents (472 males, 565 females), aged from 6 to 16 years old and living in northern and southern regions of Italy. They were asked to answer an individual interview during school time. For the particular purposes of the study, four main measures were us…