Search results for " differences"
showing 10 items of 431 documents
AGE DIFFERENCES IN THE ACUTE STRESS EFFECTS ON DECLARATIVE MEMORY PERFORMANCE
2021
"In the last decades, there has been a growing interest in knowing the effects of acute stress on memory performance, particularly declarative memory. Research on this topic suggests that age is a crucial individual factor to consider in the stress-memory link. However, most of the evidence has been obtained from studies conducted in young people and, surprisingly, studies in older people are scarce. Thus, our aim was to investigate the age differences in the acute stress effects on declarative memory performance. To do this, we directly compared the effects of a psychosocial acute stressor (i.e. Trier Social Stress Test) on learning, consolidation and memory retrieval performance in two ag…
Motor asymmetry attenuation in older adults during imagined arm movements
2014
International audience; Laterality is an important feature of motor behavior. Several studies have shown that lateralization in right-handed young adults (i.e., right versus left arm superiority) emerges also during imagined actions, that is when an action is internally simulated without any motor output. Such information, however, is lacking for elderly people and it could be valuable to further comprehend the evolution of mental states of action in normal aging. Here, we evaluated the influence of age on motor laterality during mental actions. Twenty-four young (mean age: 24.7 +/- 4.4 years) and 24 elderly (mean age: 72.4 +/- 3.6 years) participants mentally simulated and actually execute…
Children's and adolescents’ harmonisation of a tonal melody
2009
Although several cross-sectional age-related studies of harmonic perception in children have been performed, studies of harmonisation are very few. In the present study, the ability of school-aged children and adolescents to add chords to an ongoing tonal melody is investigated. Age-related development of harmonic features, chord rhythm and types of harmonisation are analysed. Six to fifteen-year-old participants (N=44) harmonised a C-major tonal melody. Four keys of the synthesiser, each producing a whole major triad (C, D, F and G), were used in real-time chord production. The frequency of chord I as the final chord, distribution of chords in strong metrical positions and number of period…
Country of residence, gender equality and victim blaming attitudes about partner violence: a multilevel analysis in EU
2017
Background: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global and preventable public health problem. Public attitudes, such as victim-blaming, are important for our understanding of differences in the occurrence of IPVAW, as they contribute to its justification. In this paper, we focus on victim-blaming attitudes regarding IPVAW within the EU and we apply multilevel analyses to identify contextual determinants of victim-blaming attitudes. We investigate both the general contextual effect of the country and the specific association between country level of gender equality and individual victim-blaming attitudes, as well as to what extend a possible general contextual effect was exp…
Dual task cost in balance control and stability in children from 4–7 years old
2019
This study analyzed the development of postural control and the cost of the cognitive task on postural control in the bipedal standing position during childhood. Sixty-six normally developed childr...
Procedural Memory Following Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Group Performance and Individual Differences on the Rotary Pursuit Task
2019
The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on procedural memory has received significantly less attention than declarative memory. Although to date studies on procedural memory have yielded mixed findings, many rehabilitation protocols (e.g., errorless learning) rely on the procedural memory system, and assume that it is relatively intact. The aim of the current study was to determine whether individuals with TBI are impaired on a task of procedural memory as a group, and to examine the presence of individual differences in performance. We administered to a sample of 36 individuals with moderate-severe TBI and 40 healthy comparisons (HCs) the rotary pursuit task, and then examined their rat…
Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot international survey
2020
Purpose To perform an international survey on current practices in imaging-based surveillance, diagnosis, staging, and assessment of treatment response for HCC. Materials and methods Three themes were covered in this international survey: demographics of respondents and liver imaging expertise; imaging practices for screening, surveillance, diagnosis, staging, and assessment of treatment response for HCC; and diagnostic imaging systems used. Descriptive summaries were created. Results Of 151 respondents, 22.5% were from Asia, 6.0% from Europe, 19.9% from North America, 26.5% from South America, and 25.2% from Australasia; 57.0% respondents worked in academic and 34.4% in private or mixed se…
Gender and Age Group Differences in Stereotypes about Mental Health Care Providers
2013
Mental health care providers play a significant role in the prevention of mental health problems and promotion of well-being. The aim of the study was to explore gender and age group differences in stereotypes about helping professionals in the mental health care field. The data were derived from 338 Latvian-speaking adults aged 18 to 87. They rated stereotypic characteristics of five typical helping professionals (a family doctor, a psychologist, a psychiatrist, a clergyman, and an astrologer) on a seven-point Likert-type scale. The stereotype content model was used to measure warmth and competence stereotypes (Fiske, Xu, Cuddy, & Glick, 1999). Gender differences show that women rate a typ…
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN BICEPS FEMORIS FASCICLE LENGTH AND PENNATION ANGLE AFTER A SIMULATED SOCCER MATCH
2017
Background Hamstring Strain Injuries (HSIs) represent 12% of all injuries in soccer players, and their incidence has increased in recent years. Between 53%-84% of HSIs involve the Biceps femoris muscle (BF). Recent studies have shown that soccer players with shorter BF fascicle length (FL) suffer more HSIs and exhibit regional differences in FL and pennation angle (PA) along BF. It is unclear whether there is any regional difference in the degree of change of these parameters after a soccer match. Objective Describe changes in BF muscle architecture after a simulated soccer match. Design Controlled laboratory study. Pre and Post single session. Setting Laboratory. Amateur Level. Participant…
Study of gender differences in VR response following cardiac surgery.
2017
Cardiac and other invasive surgical procedures cause significant anxiety and stress to patients and their family members. In this study Virtual Reality (VR) was used as a method to reduce stress, anxiety and pain in patients undergoing surgical procedures. This study compared a cohort of patients in the interval prior to and successive to the surgery, differentiating the responses achieved by males and females and comparing the effectiveness. The results are encouraging: they demonstrate the efficacy of VR treatment and the safety of the method and detection of differences in the responses based on gender.