Search results for " discrimination"

Comprehensive auditory discrimination profiles recorded with a fast parametric musical multi-feature mismatch negativity paradigm

2016

Abstract Objective Mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) in response to auditory-expectancy violation, is sensitive to central auditory processing deficits associated with several clinical conditions and to auditory skills deriving from musical expertise. This sensitivity is more evident for stimuli integrated in complex sound contexts. This study tested whether increasing magnitudes of deviation (levels) entail increasing MMN amplitude (or decreasing latency), aiming to create a balanced version of the musical multi-feature paradigm towards measurement of extensive auditory discrimination profiles in auditory expertise or deficits. Methods Usi…

Music lessons improve auditory perceptual and cognitive performance in deaf children

2014

Despite advanced technologies in auditory rehabilitation of profound deafness, deaf children often exhibit delayed cognitive and linguistic development and auditory training remains a crucial element of their education. In the present cross-sectional study, we assess whether music would be a relevant tool for deaf children rehabilitation. In normal-hearing children, music lessons have been shown to improve cognitive and linguistic-related abilities, such as phonetic discrimination and reading. We compared auditory perception, auditory cognition, and phonetic discrimination between 14 profoundly deaf children who completed weekly music lessons for a period of 1.5 to 4 years and 14 deaf child…

Audiovisual speech perception in children with developmental language disorder in degraded listening conditions.

2013

Purpose The effect of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the perception of audiovisual speech in children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD) was investigated by varying the noise level and the sound intensity of acoustic speech. The main hypotheses were that the McGurk effect (in which incongruent visual speech alters the auditory speech percept) would be weaker for children with DLD than for controls and that it would get stronger with decreasing SNR in both groups. Method The participants were 8-year-old children with DLD and a sample of children with normal language development. In the McGurk stimuli, the consonant uttered by the voice differed from that articulated …

Characterization of a novel Babesia bigemina gene and its potential use as molecular marker for strain discrimination

2008

Discrimination in the sharing economy: evidence from a Hungarian field experiment

2018

Findings from our pilot research project which focused on providing car sharing services to young people with different ethnic/racial background showed discrimination against certain ethnic groups. The research was based on a controlled field experimental design to examine the chances of rides being offered to racially different testers. The experimental variables were both race and gender. Creating altogether 8 profiles enabled us to test the interaction between these two experimental stimulus. The small-scale research (total N=160) was implemented in Hungary, in summer 2017 by interns of TARKI, Hungarian Social Research Centre. The forthcoming article shows evidence of ethnic/racial dispr…

Electron microscopic localization of nitric oxide I synthase in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig

1997

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity has been detected previously in the mammalian cochlea at a light microscopic level. Here we present results of electron microscopic analysis for post-embedding immunoreactivity of neural-type NOS I in the cochlea of the guinea pig. Strong enzyme immunoreactivity was identified in the cytoplasm of inner and outer hair cells. Gold-labeled NOS I antibodies were mainly located in electron-dense areas of the cytoplasm, whereas electron-lucent regions of the receptor cells were nearly free from any immunoreactivity. In both types of hair cells anti-NOS I antibodies were also visible in the cuticular plates, hair bundles and nuclei. Further ultrastructural anal…

A Central Nervous System Focused Treatment Program for People with Frozen Shoulder: A Feasibility Study

2022

Background: Frozen shoulder (FS) is a highly disabling pathology of poorly understood etiology, which is characterized by the presence of intense pain and progressive loss of range of motion (ROM). The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and clinical impact of a CNS-focused treatment program for people with FS. Methods: 10 subjects with primary FS received a 10-week CNS-focused intervention including sensory discrimination training and graded motor imagery techniques delivered as clinic sessions (60 min) and home therapy (30 min five times per week). Measurements were taken at baseline, after a 2-week “washout” period, after treatment, and at three months follow-up.…

Cartes et élections : la construction des circonscriptions électorales aux Etats-Unis, entre égalité et équité

2003

Maps and Elections : The Construction of Electoral Districts in the USA. Decennal census-led redistricting in the United States is the occasion for court actions focused nowadays on the political representation of ethnic minorities. Computer tools make possible the building of districts specifically tailored for Blacks or Hispanics, but blatant racial gerrymandering is now rejected by the US Supreme Court. This paper examines the most relevant judicial decisions and describes several local cases.

I LICENZIAMENTI COLLETTIVI NELL’ORDINAMENTO MULTILIVELLO: EFFETTIVITÀ, DISSUASIVITÀ, NON DISCRIMINAZIONE

2020

L'articolo analizza la recente lettura delle corti di merito della normativa in materia di licenziamenti collettivi alla luce della Carta Sociale Europea, ed evidenzia la discriminazione rimediale tra lavoratori assunti prima e dopo il 7 marzo 2015, data di entrata in vigore del d.lgs. 23/2015. The article focuses on the recent jurisprudence of first instance labour courts on collective dismissals in the light of the European Social Charter, and it underlines the discrimination in terms of applicable remedies among workers hired before and after 7th March 2020, date of entry into force of legislative decree 23/2015.

Recognition of familiarity on the basis of howls: a playback experiment in a captive group of wolves

2015

Playback experiments were conducted with a pack of captive Iberian wolves. We used a habituation–discrimination paradigm to test wolves’ ability to discriminate howls based on: (1) artificial manipulation of acoustic parameters of howls and (2) the identity of howling individuals. Manipulations in fundamental frequency and frequency modulation within the natural range of intra-individual howl variation did not elicit dishabituation, while manipulation of modulation pattern did produce dishabituation. With respect to identity, across trials wolves habituated to unfamiliar howls by a familiar wolf (i.e., no direct contact, but previous exposure to howls by this wolf), but not to unfamiliar ho…