Search results for " distribution."
showing 10 items of 4588 documents
Salt and Aroma Compound Distributions Influence Flavour Release and Temporal Perception While Eating Hot-Served Flans.
2021
International audience; To counteract the negative effect of salt overconsumption on health, strategies have been developed to reduce the salt content in food products. Among them, two promising strategies based on odour-induced saltiness enhancement and the heterogeneous distribution of flavour compounds were combined and assessed in four-layer cream-based snacks. To investigate the relationship between saltiness enhancement, temporal release and perception of flavour compounds in hot snacks with heterogeneous distribution of salt and aroma compounds, complementary techniques were used: nose space PTR-Tof-MS (Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight–Mass Spectrometry) to assess the release …
Role of biological control agents and physical treatments in maintaining the quality of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables
2019
International audience; Fruit and vegetables are an important part of human diets and provide multiple health benefits. However, due to the short shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, significant losses occur throughout the food distribution chain. Shelf-life extension requires preserving both the quality and safety of food products. The quality of fruit and vegetables, either fresh or fresh-cut, depends on many factors and can be determined by analytical or sensory evaluation methods. Among the various technologies used to maintain the quality and increase shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, biological control is a promising approac…
Trabajadores desplazados, mano de obra barata en Europa
2020
espanolEl articulo analiza la movilidad intraeuropea de los trabajadores que, en virtud del principio de libre circulacion de servicios, van de un pais (origen) a otro/s (destino/s) para realizar una actividad durante un periodo de tiempo determinado. Aborda las tendencias recientes de esta migracion temporal, los factores que la impulsan y su distribucion geografica, y las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores desplazados. La informacion utilizada procede de los informes y datos publicados por la Comision Europea y de los resultados de investigaciones que diversos autores han llevado a cabo en diferentes paises.La movilidad geografica aumenta de forma acelerada en toda Europa, lo que s…
Play it by ear? An ERP study of Chinese polysemous verb yǒu
2021
Abstract Mandarin Chinese yŏu is a polysemous verb. It can be interpreted as meaning either ‘have’ or ‘there be/exist’ in sentences of the form ‘NP1 yŏu NP2’, which can correspondingly be analyzed as either a Have-Possessive construction (‘NP1 has NP2’) or an existential/locative construction (‘(At/in) NP1 there is NP2’), or both. This study used event-related brain potentials to investigate whether and how the interpretation of yŏu in a given ‘NP1 yŏu NP2’ construction is determined by the semantics of the nouns involved and their relationship. Twenty-seven participants read sentences of this construction. The results showed that there were different patterns of brain activity that can be …
A Note on Laws of Motion for Aggregate Distributions
2020
I derive the law of motion for the aggregate distribution directly from the laws of motion for the individuals’ states. By relying on concepts from measure theory, the derivation is concise and intuitive. I address random shocks both at the micro level and at the macro level. Micro-level shocks completely cancel at the aggregate level provided that a law of large numbers applies. Therefore, the law of motion for the aggregate distribution is a deterministic process in the absence of macro-level uncertainty. If there are macro-level risks, the law of motion for the aggregate distribution exhibits a stochastic component additionally. I illustrate the formalism in a model of wealth accumulatio…
Unveiling the Role of Multiple blockholders: Evidence from Closely Held Firms.
2019
Research Question/Issue. This paper disentangles how the modes of ownership distribution among multiple blockholders and their heterogeneity shape principal–principal conflicts and, in turn, affect firm performance. The paper offers empirical evidence from a panel of Italian closely held firms over the period 2009–2014. Research Findings/Insights. We explore the principal–principal conflicts among blockholders across two distinct control structures. When a single blockholder controls the firm, principal–principal conflicts are shaped by the trade‐off between the alignment effect and the monitoring effect. In this scenario, we find that the relationship between the two largest blockholders' …
Connotative meaning of travel modes and activity-travel behavior
2018
Abstract This paper aims to present results of a study regarding how the meaning of travel modes influences on the performance of activities and trips. Connotative meaning of travel modes was measured using semantic differential scales, which collect the suggestive significance of the terms used to name current travel modes. More than 400 people provided that information together with values and other types of attitudes, characteristics of their usual companions, socio-demographics, and 2-days activity-travel diary that includes a weekend day and a weekday. Descriptive analysis, which include frequency distributions, Factor Analysis, and correlations, have been developed to find potential r…
Multi-criteria analysis applied to multi-objective optimal pump scheduling in water systems
2019
Abstract This work presents a multi-criteria-based approach to automatically select specific non-dominated solutions from a Pareto front previously obtained using multi-objective optimization to find optimal solutions for pump control in a water supply system. Optimal operation of pumps in these utilities is paramount to enable water companies to achieve energy efficiency in their systems. The Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) is used to rank the Pareto solutions found by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) employed to solve the multi-objective problem. Various scenarios are evaluated under leakage uncertainty conditions, res…
Spatial analysis of traffic accidents near and between road intersections in a directed linear network.
2019
Although most of the literature on traffic safety analysis has been developed over areal zones, there is a growing interest in using the specific road structure of the region under investigation, which is known as a linear network in the field of spatial statistics. The use of linear networks entails several technical complications, ranging from the accurate location of traffic accidents to the definition of covariates at a spatial micro-level. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to display a detailed analysis of a dataset of traffic accidents recorded in Valencia (Spain), which were located into a linear network representing more than 30 km of urban road structure corresponding t…
An attraction-based cellular automaton model for generating spatiotemporal population maps in urban areas
2015
We develop a cellular automaton (CA) model to produce spatiotemporal population maps that estimate population distributions in an urban area during a random working day. The resulting population maps are at 50 m and 5 minutes spatiotemporal resolution, showing clearly how the distribution of population varies throughout a 24-hour period. The maps indicate that some areas of the city, which are sparsely populated during the night, can be densely populated during the day. The developed CA model assumes that the population transition trends follow dynamics and propagation patterns similar to a contagious disease. Thus, our model designed to change the states of each grid cell (stable or dynami…