Search results for " drug therapy"

showing 10 items of 95 documents

Insights from Experiences on Antiplatelet Drugs in Stroke Prevention: A Review

2020

Reduction of hazard risk of cerebral ischemic event (stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA)) represents the hard point to be achieved from primary or secondary preventive strategy in the best clinical practice. However, results from clinical trials, recommendations, guidelines, systematic review, expert opinions, and meta-analysis debated on the optimal pharmacotherapy to achieve the objective. Aspirin and a number of antiplatelet agents, alone or in combination, have been considered from large trials focused on stroke prevention. The present review summarizes, discusses results from trials, and focuses on the benefits or disadvantages originating from antiplatelet drugs. Sections of the r…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyaspirinHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesisdipyridamolelcsh:MedicineStroke.Review030204 cardiovascular system & hematology03 medical and health sciencesTherapeutic approach0302 clinical medicinePharmacotherapyDouble-Blind MethodpreventionSecondary PreventionmedicineHumanscardiovascular diseasesIntensive care medicineStrokeAgedclopidogrelAspirinPreventive strategybusiness.industrylcsh:RPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthMiddle AgedClopidogrelmedicine.diseasestrokecombined drug therapyClinical trialDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Ischemic Attack TransientStroke preventionDrug Therapy CombinationFemalebusinesscilostazolPlatelet Aggregation Inhibitors030217 neurology & neurosurgerymedicine.drugInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Minimally invasive secondary cytoreduction plus HIPEC for recurrent ovarian cancer: a case series.

2014

Objective To analyze the feasibility of laparoscopic/robotic secondary cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal intra-operative chemotherapy (SCS + HIPEC) in a retrospective series of isolated platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series of ovarian cancer patients with isolated platinum sensitive relapse. Isolated relapse was defined as the presence of a single nodule, in a single anatomic site. In all cases the presence of isolated relapse was assessed at pre-operative FDG-PET/CT scan, and confirmed with staging laparoscopy performed immediately before SCS + HIPEC. Results 84 women with platinum sensitive relapse recei…

OVARIAN CANEROrganoplatinum Compoundsmedicine.medical_treatmentdrug therapy/pathology/surgery/therapyCarcinoma Ovarian EpithelialMultimodal ImagingCohort StudiesObstetrics and gynaecologyNeoplasmsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsInfusions ParenteralNeoplasms Glandular and EpithelialLaparoscopyadministration /&/ dosageTomographyRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicOvarian Neoplasmsmedicine.diagnostic_testObstetrics and GynecologyGlandular and EpithelialMiddle AgedDebulkingCombined Modality TherapyIsolated platinum sensitive relapseX-Ray ComputedOxaliplatinPhase III as TopicOncologyFemalediagnostic usemedicine.drugmedicine.medical_specialtyInfusionsAged Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; administration /&/ dosage Cisplatin; administration /&/ dosage Clinical Trials; Phase II as Topic Clinical Trials; Phase III as Topic Cohort Studies Combined Modality Therapy Female Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; diagnostic use Humans Hyperthermia; Induced; methods Infusions; Parenteral Middle Aged Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures Multimodal Imaging Neoplasms; Glandular and Epithelial; drug therapy/pathology/surgery/therapy Organoplatinum Compounds; administration /&/ dosage Ovarian Neoplasms; drug therapy/pathology/surgery/therapy Positron-Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals; diagnostic use Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Retrospective Studies Tomography; X-Ray Computed ocal; pathologyocalmethodsClinical Trials Phase II as TopicMinimally invasive surgeryOvarian cancerFluorodeoxyglucose F18ParenteralmedicineHumansMinimally Invasive Surgical ProceduresClinical TrialsHyperthermiaAgedRetrospective StudiesCisplatinChemotherapySeries (stratigraphy)HIPECbusiness.industryPhase II as TopicInducedHyperthermia Inducedmedicine.diseaseOxaliplatinSurgeryRoboticSettore MED/40 - GINECOLOGIA E OSTETRICIAClinical Trials Phase III as TopicPositron-Emission TomographyLaparoscopypathologyNeoplasm Recurrence LocalCisplatinRadiopharmaceuticalsbusinessOvarian cancerTomography X-Ray Computed
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A prospective randomised, open-labeled, trial comparing sirolimus-containing versus mTOR-inhibitor-free immunosuppression in patients undergoing live…

2010

Abstract Background The potential anti-cancer effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are being intensively studied. To date, however, few randomised clinical trials (RCT) have been performed to demonstrate anti-neoplastic effects in the pure oncology setting, and at present, no oncology endpoint-directed RCT has been reported in the high-malignancy risk population of immunosuppressed transplant recipients. Interestingly, since mTOR inhibitors have both immunosuppressive and anti-cancer effects, they have the potential to simultaneously protect against immunologic graft loss and tumour development. Therefore, we designed a prospective RCT to determine if the mTOR inhibito…

OncologyCancer ResearchTime Factorsmedicine.medical_treatmentMedizinIntracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors metabolismKaplan-Meier Estimate312 Clinical medicineProtein-Serine-Threonine KinaseLiver transplantationTHERAPYStudy ProtocolImmunosuppressive Agentendothelial growth-factor renal-cell carcinoma tumor progression rapamycin cancer cyclosporine efficacy therapy target model0302 clinical medicineRENAL-CELL CARCINOMARisk FactorsRecurrenceSurgical oncologyMedicine and Health SciencesLiver Neoplasms - drug therapy enzymology mortality surgerySirolimuProspective StudiesTUMOR PROGRESSIONTransplantation Homologoueducation.field_of_studyliver transplantationTOR Serine-Threonine KinasesLiver NeoplasmsIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsImmunosuppressionhepatocellular carcinomalcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensCANCER3. Good healthEuropeMulticenter StudyTreatment OutcomeTARGETsirolimusOncologyLiver Neoplasm030220 oncology & carcinogenesisHepatocellular carcinomaRandomized Controlled TrialmTORCarcinoma Hepatocellular - drug therapy enzymology mortality surgery030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyImmunosuppressive AgentsRCTHumanmedicine.drugCanadamedicine.medical_specialtyCarcinoma HepatocellularTime FactoreducationPopulationLiver Transplantation - adverse effects mortalityProtein Serine-Threonine Kinaseslcsh:RC254-282Disease-Free Survival03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineGeneticsmedicineTransplantation HomologousHumansComparative StudyRapamycinddc:610educationProtein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors metabolismKaplan-Meiers Estimatebusiness.industryRisk FactorAustraliaImmunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic useSirolimus - therapeutic useEFFICACYHumans; Liver Transplantation; Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Randomized Controlled Trial; RCT; Multicenter Study; Comparative Study; Rapamycin; mTOR; Sirolimusmedicine.diseaseSurgeryMODELTransplantationClinical trialProspective StudieIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinSirolimusENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTORCYCLOSPORINERAPAMYCINbusiness
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A Prognostic Model for Estimating the Time to Virologic Failure in HIV-1 Infected Patients Undergoing a New Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen

2011

Abstract Background HIV-1 genotypic susceptibility scores (GSSs) were proven to be significant prognostic factors of fixed time-point virologic outcomes after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) switch/initiation. However, their relative-hazard for the time to virologic failure has not been thoroughly investigated, and an expert system that is able to predict how long a new cART regimen will remain effective has never been designed. Methods We analyzed patients of the Italian ARCA cohort starting a new cART from 1999 onwards either after virologic failure or as treatment-naïve. The time to virologic failure was the endpoint, from the 90th day after treatment start, defined as the firs…

OncologyMaleAdult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Treatment Failure; Viral LoadHIV InfectionsCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPYMedicineHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicineTreatment Failure0303 health sciencesHealth PolicyMiddle AgedViral Load3. Good healthComputer Science ApplicationsCensoring (clinical trials)CohortCombinationlcsh:R858-859.7Drug Therapy CombinationFemaleViral loadHumanResearch ArticleCartAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAnti-HIV AgentsHIV-1; antiretroviral therapyHealth InformaticsSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVElcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineHumansSurvival analysisProportional Hazards Models030306 microbiologybusiness.industryProportional hazards modelAdult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Treatment Failure; Viral Load; Health Informatics; Health PolicyANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGSAnti-HIV AgentHIVGENOTYPESDiscontinuationRegimenImmunologyProportional Hazards ModelHIV-1Cohort StudiebusinessBMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
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Nonmetastatic Medulloblastoma of Early Childhood: Results From the Prospective Clinical Trial HIT-2000 and An Extended Validation Cohort

2020

PURPOSE The HIT-2000-BIS4 trial aimed to avoid highly detrimental craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in children < 4 years of age with nonmetastatic medulloblastoma by systemic chemotherapy, intraventricular methotrexate, and risk-adapted local radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2001-2011, 87 patients received systemic chemotherapy and intraventricular methotrexate. Until 2006, CSI was reserved for nonresponse or progression. After 2006, local radiotherapy was introduced for nonresponders or patients with classic medulloblastoma (CMB) or large-cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma (LCA). DNA methylation profiles of infantile sonic hedgehog-activated medulloblastoma (SHH-INF) were subdivided i…

OncologyMaleCancer ResearchMedizinradiotherapy [Medulloblastoma]Neuropsychological Testsadverse effects [Cranial Irradiation]Craniospinal Irradiation0302 clinical medicinemortality [Cerebellar Neoplasms]drug therapy [Medulloblastoma]Early childhoodProspective Studiesddc:618Systemic chemotherapyCerebellar Neoplasms / mortality3. Good healthOncology030220 oncology & carcinogenesisChild PreschoolMedulloblastoma / radiotherapyFemalemortality [Medulloblastoma]medicine.medical_specialtyCerebellar Neoplasms / drug therapyCerebellar Neoplasms / radiotherapyMEDLINEMedulloblastoma / drug therapyadministration & dosage [Methotrexate]03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicinedrug therapy [Cerebellar Neoplasms]medicineHumansddc:610Cerebellar NeoplasmsMedulloblastomaCranial Irradiation / adverse effectsbusiness.industryEditorialsInfantMethotrexate / administration & dosageDNA Methylationmedicine.diseaseClinical trialMethotrexateMedulloblastoma / mortalityradiotherapy [Cerebellar Neoplasms]Cranial IrradiationbusinessValidation cohort030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMedulloblastoma
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An a priori prediction model of response to peginterferon plus ribavirin dual therapy in naïve patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C.

2014

none 29 no Background: Aim was to select naïve patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C having a high probability of response to Peg-interferon. +. ribavirin therapy. Methods: In 1073 patients (derivation cohort), predictors of rapid and sustained virological response were identified by logistic analysis; regression coefficients were used to generate prediction models for sustained virological response. Probabilities at baseline and treatment week 4 were utilized to develop a decision rule to select patients with high likelihood of response. The model was then validated in 423 patients (validation cohort). Results: In the derivation cohort, 257 achieved rapid virological response and 8…

OncologyMaleHepacivirusPredictive Value of Testchronic hepatitis C; prediction model of response; peginterferon plus ribavirin dual therapyHepacivirusPolyethylene GlycolPolyethylene Glycolschemistry.chemical_compoundGenotypeViralChronicRapid virological responseDrug CarrierChronic hepatitisSettore MED/12 - GastroenterologiaDrug CarriersbiologyGastroenterologyRecombinant ProteinMiddle AgedViral LoadPrognosisHepatitis CRecombinant ProteinsHCV infectionTreatment OutcomePredictive value of testsCombinationRNA ViralDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleChronic hepatitis; HCV infection; Peg-interferon and ribavirin treatment; Predictors of sustained virological response rapid virological response; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Drug Carriers; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; Genotype; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C Chronic; Humans; Interferon-alpha; Male; Middle Aged; Polyethylene Glycols; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; RNA Viral; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Recombinant Proteins; Ribavirin; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Hepatology; GastroenterologyViral loadHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypePrognosiAlpha interferonPredictors of sustained virological response rapid virological responseReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionAntiviral AgentsDrug TherapyPredictive Value of TestsInternal medicinePredictors of sustained virological responseLinear regressionRibavirinmedicinechronic hepatitis CHumansAntiviral AgentHCV infection; Predictors of sustained virological response Rapid virological response; Peg-interferon and ribavirin treatment; Chronic hepatitisHepaciviruHepatologybusiness.industryRibavirinInterferon-alphaHepatologyHepatitis C Chronicbiology.organism_classificationchemistryImmunologyChronic hepatitiRNAprediction model of responsepeginterferon plus ribavirin dual therapybusinessPeg-interferon and ribavirin treatmentDigestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
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Cetuximab rechallenge in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: how to come away from acquired resistance?

2012

Background: Scientific data provide the evidence that secondary K-RAS mutations do not occur during anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in colorectal cancer patients. This multicenter phase II prospective study aims to investigate the activity of a retreatment with a cetuximab-based therapy. Patients and methods: We enrolled 39 irinotecan-refractory patients who had a clinical benefit after a line of cetuximab- plus irinotecan-based therapy and then a progression of disease for which underwent a new line chemotherapy and finally, after a clear new progression of disease, were retreated with the same cetuximab- plus irinotecan-based therapy. Results: Median number of therapeutic li…

OncologyMaleLung NeoplasmsColorectal cancerSettore MED/06 - Oncologia Medicamedicine.medical_treatmentAntibodieCetuximab; Clinical trial; Colorectal neoplasms; Phase II; RetreatmentDrug ResistanceCetuximabadverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic useAdult; Aged; 80 and over; Antibodies; Monoclonal; administration /&/ dosage; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use; Camptothecin; administration /&/ dosage/analogs /&/ derivatives; Colorectal Neoplasms; drug therapy/mortality/pathology; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Resistance; Neoplasm; Exanthema; chemically induced; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Liver Neoplasms; drug therapy/mortality/secondary; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Treatment OutcomeColorectal NeoplasmKaplan-Meier EstimateAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsMonoclonal80 and overProspective cohort studyadministration /&/ dosageAged 80 and overCetuximabLiver NeoplasmsAntibodies MonoclonalHematologyMiddle AgedChemotherapy regimenPhase IIClinical trialTreatment OutcomeOncologyLiver NeoplasmLymphatic MetastasisRetreatmentchemically inducedFemaleColorectal Neoplasms/ dosage/analogs /&ampmedicine.drugHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAntibodies Monoclonal HumanizedIrinotecanAntibodiesDisease-Free SurvivalColorectal neoplasmdrug therapy/mortality/secondarySDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingInternal medicineadministration /&/ dosage/analogs /&/ derivativesmedicine/ dosageHumansProgression-free survivalneoplasmsAgeddrug therapy/mortality/pathologyChemotherapyAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocolbusiness.industryLymphatic MetastasiExanthemamedicine.diseasedigestive system diseasesIrinotecanClinical trialLung Neoplasm/ derivativeDrug Resistance Neoplasmadministration /&ampNeoplasmCamptothecinbusinessAnnals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
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Safety of the first dose of fingolimod for multiple sclerosis: results of an open-label clinical trial

2014

BACKGROUND: In patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) fingolimod prevents disease relapses and delays disability progression. First dose administration of fingolimod is associated with a transient, dose-dependent decrease in heart rate (HR) in the 6 hours after drug intake.The aim of the study is to to assess safety and tolerability of the first dose of fingolimod in a cohort of Italian patients with RRMS without alternative therapeutic options. METHODS: Open-label, single arm, multicentre study. After the first dose of fingolimod, patients were observed for 6 hours and had their vital signs monitored hourly. Extended on-site monitoring was provided when required. RESULTS: Of the 906 p…

OncologyMaleNeurologyfingolimod multiple sclerosis treatment first dose safetyadministration /&/ dosage/adverse effects/analogs /&/ derivatives/therapeutic useImmunosuppressive AgentSphingosineMultiple SclerosiAtrioventricular Blockadministration /&/ dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic useGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedTolerabilityPropylene GlycolFingolimoddrug therapyTolerabilityAnesthesiaCohortAdolescent Adult Atrioventricular Block; chemically induced/epidemiology Drug Therapy; Combination Female Humans Immunosuppressive Agents; administration /&/ dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Multiple Sclerosis; drug therapy Propylene Glycols; administration /&/ dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use Sphingosine; administration /&/ dosage/adverse effects/analogs /&/ derivatives/therapeutic use Young AdultCombinationDrug Therapy CombinationSettore MED/26 - NeurologiaFemaleAtrioventricular block; Bradycardia; Fingolimod; Multiple sclerosis; Safety; Tolerability; Adolescent; Adult; Atrioventricular Block; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; Fingolimod Hydrochloride; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Propylene Glycols; Sphingosine; Young Adult; Neurology (clinical)SafetyAtrioventricular block Bradicardia Multiple sclerosis Fingolimod Safety TolerabilityImmunosuppressive AgentsResearch ArticleHumanmedicine.drugAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyMultiple SclerosisAdolescentClinical NeurologyYoung AdultFingolimod HydrochlorideInternal medicineBradycardiamedicineHumansNeurochemistryFingolimod Hydrochloridebusiness.industryMultiple sclerosisFingolimodmedicine.diseaseClinical trialPropylene GlycolsAtrioventricular block Bradycardia Multiple sclerosis Fingolimod Safety Tolerabilitychemically induced/epidemiologyNeurology (clinical)business
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Natural history of bone metastasis in colorectal cancer: final results of a large Italian bone metastases study.

2012

ABSTRACT Background Data are limited regarding bone metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study was to survey the natural history of bone metastasis in CRC. Patients and methods This retrospective, multicenter, observational study of 264 patients with CRC involving bone examined cancer treatments, bone metastases characteristics, skeletal-related event (SRE) type and frequency, zoledronic acid therapy, and disease outcomes. Results Most patients with bone metastases had pathologic T3/4 disease at CRC diagnosis. The spine was the most common site involved (65%), followed by hip/pelvis (34%), long bones (26%), and other sites (17%). Median time from CRC diagnosis to b…

Oncologymedicine.medical_specialtyBone Density Conservation AgentSettore MED/06 - Oncologia MedicaColorectal cancerBone NeoplasmsColorectal NeoplasmBone Neoplasmdrug therapy/pathologyZoledronic AcidInternal medicinemedicineHumansImidazolePelvisRetrospective Studiesdrug therapy/secondarybone metastases colorectal cancer zoledronic acidBone Density Conservation AgentsDiphosphonatesbusiness.industryImidazolesBone metastasisCancerRetrospective cohort studyHematologymedicine.diseaseNatural historyBone Density Conservation AgentsZoledronic acidmedicine.anatomical_structureDiphosphonateOncologytherapeutic useBone Density Conservation Agents; therapeutic use; Bone Neoplasms; drug therapy/secondary; Colorectal Neoplasms; drug therapy/pathology; Diphosphonates; Humans; Imidazoles; Retrospective StudiesbusinessColorectal NeoplasmsHumanmedicine.drug
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Improvement in Lung Cancer Outcomes With Targeted Therapies: An Update for Family Physicians.

2015

Abstract: In the past decade the advent of target therapy has led to a silent revolution in the treatment of lung cancer. Thanks to the specificity of their target, new tailored drugs are able to achieve a larger benefit and lower toxicity and provide better quality of life than cytotoxic drugs in a limited number of patients, selected by molecular profile. Nowadays, the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib, and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor crizotinib, are targeted agents approved for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Family physicians play an important role in the treatment, detection, and management of common toxicities and…

Oncologymedicine.medical_specialtyNon-Small-Cell Lung CancerLung NeoplasmsSettore MED/06 - Oncologia MedicaAntineoplastic AgentsTreatment of lung cancerMedical OncologyTyrosine KinaseGefitinibPharmacotherapyDrug TherapyCarcinoma Non-Small-Cell LungInternal medicineCancer; Drug Therapy; Lung Cancer; Medical Oncology; Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer; Tyrosine KinasemedicineHumansAnaplastic lymphoma kinaseAnaplastic Lymphoma KinaseLung cancerCancerCrizotinibbusiness.industryLung CancerPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesCancermedicine.diseaseErbB ReceptorsImmunologyHuman medicineDrug EruptionsErlotinibFamily PracticebusinessSignal Transductionmedicine.drug
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