Search results for " economie"
showing 10 items of 64 documents
Economic theory and space : a reconciliation
1997
Malgré des apports importants au XIXe siècle et dans la première moitié du XXe et en dépit des efforts de l'après guerre, l’économie spatiale est longtemps restée un domaine marginal par rapport au corpus principal de la théorie économique. L’attachement aux hypothèses de concurrence pure et de rendements non croissants explique en grande partie cette séparation. Depuis quelques années, on assiste, dans le cadre de l'Economie géographique, à un mouvement d’intégration dont le moteur principal est la reconnaissance et l’exploitation des rendements croissants comme explication de la formation de l’espace économique. Ce papier présente un panorama de 25 années d’économie spatiale en soulignant…
Giustizia ambientale e recupero delle aree verdi: il caso di Palermo
2021
L’urban shrinkage è diventata una questione centrale tanto nel dibattito scientifico quanto nell’agenda politica di diverse città europee. Secondo i dati EUROSTAT (2019), circa il 40% delle città europee con più di 200.000 abitanti stanno perdendo popolazione; una contrazione che si esplicita maggiormente, sotto il profilo spaziale, in una progressiva sottoutilizzazione del patrimonio edificato, così come nel contestuale incremento di aree e terreni in stato di abbandono. In questo quadro controverso di mutazione strutturale della città, così come l’abbiamo conosciuta, le politiche urbane alla prova in Europa tentano di declinare la decrescita quale occasione strategica di investimento sull…
Transnacionālās uzņēmējdarbības loma jaunattīstības valstīs: Kamerūnas gadījums
2021
Starpnacionālās uzņēmējdarbība ietvaros cilvēki cenšas īstenot uzņēmējdarbības mērķus to valstu starpā, kurās viņi atrodas, mobilizējot abās sabiedrībās pieejamos resursus veidos, kas atbilst viņu uzņēmējdarbības mērķiem. Globalizācijas dēļ cilvēki var atklāt jaunas kultūras, kopienas un iegūt zināšanas. Tajā pašā laikā cilvēki ar uzņēmējdarbības iniciatīvu uzsāk uzņēmējdarbību tīklā starp savu mītnes valsti un saņēmējvalstīm, izmantojot abpusēji pieejamos resursus. Šajā darbā tiek pētīta starpnacionālā uzņēmējdarbība Kamerūnā, lai izprastu tās ietekmi uz uzņēmumu izveidi un ekonomisko ietekmi jaunattīstības valstī. Galvenā uzmanība tiek pievērsta starptautiskai uzņēmējdarbībai Āfrikas jaun…
La ville, la raison et le rêve : entre théorie et utopie
1996
City, reason and dream : between theory and utopia. — This paper aims at comparing two kinds of discourses about the city, that of the microeconomics of cities, which is admitted in the realm of science, and that of Utopian cities, which is not. We analyse the processes of thinking which lead respectively to theory and utopia, then we compare the ideas of man and society upon which they are grounded. Finaly, we try to enhance the similarities and disimilarities between the two series of urban space representations to which these approaches lead. This comparison may contribute to a better understanding of the real nature of the theoretical discourse and lead both to a relativization and a va…
HOW TO MAKE A PIE: REPRODUCIBLE RESEARCH FOR EMPIRICAL ECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICS
2020
Les recherches empiriques en sciences humaines et sociales necessitent la manipulation de nombreux fichiers : differents jeux de donnees, de multiples programmes, qu'ils soient destines a la manipulation de donnees, aux traitements statistiques, aux estimations econometriques ou a des simulations, et de nombreux fichiers successifs de resultats. Maitriser l’ensemble des etapes du projet de recherche est indispensable si l’on souhaite pouvoir reproduire ou repliquer les resultats a long terme. Cette rigueur (fiabilite, tracabilite, reproductibilite), est desormais de plus en plus exigee par notre profession ainsi que par les editeurs de revues scientifiques. Apres avoir mis en evidence les e…
Do agglomeration economies are lower for polluting sectors?
2019
This article explore how the relation between productivity and local city-size can be mitigated by pollution. More specifically, we estimate agglomeration economies considering a new source of heterogeneity among industries: the degree of pollution. Due to pollution perception acting as a dispersion force, we expect net agglomeration economies to be lower for polluting firms. In fact, polluting firms may anticipate that households and other firms are reluctant to locate near sources of pollution. In this paper, we exploit spatial data on sectoral emissions for a large number of air pollutants. We define a continuous variable of pollution that varies across sectors and employment zones. Our …
Un modèle radiocentrique pour l'analyse des espaces ruraux périurbains
1995
Research on periurbanisation’s factors, a phenomenon that has greatly contributed to the demographic growth of French rural areas for the last twenty-five years, leads us to ask about the determinants of residential location in rural areas of people working in a town. In order to answer this question, it is necessary to transpose residential location models usually used at the scale of the town - models which are the basis of the New Urban Economics school - to periurban areas. The area we are interested in is differentiated both from urban and rural areas seen from the agricultural production point of view. But we show that it can be analyzed in the same manner as urban areas. However, thi…
Economies d'agglomération et configurations spatiales dans les espaces ruraux
1997
The question to be addressed here is that of the agglomeration/dispersion forces that are likely to account for the location of people and jobs in rural areas and the way they explain spatial patterns in rural areas depending on urban influence. Economic geography models may provide suitable tools with which to investigate the organization of rural areas. We first review these models, focusing on dispersion forces, which rest basically on land consumption and transport costs. We suggest then a set of hypotheses concerning the main forces at work in rural areas. Intensity of agglomeration economies is hypothesized to be related to the urban size, which in turn induces increasing land rents a…
Clubs de convergence et effets de débordements géographiques : une analyse spatiale sur données régionales européennes, 1980-1995
2007
Our article offers an econometric model of spatial interactions for the empirical analysis of growth in European regions over the period 1980-1995. The model detects spatial spillover effects and makes it possible to take account of the European economy’s strong polarization. More specifically, by factoring in both spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity, we characterize the economic polarization pattern in European regions, identify convergence clubs, and model them as spatial regimes. We estimate a two-regime model with spatially autocorrelated errors and show that the convergence process differs between the two regimes. We find a strongly significant spatial spillover effect : …
La distribuzione dei redditi nelle economie protosocialiste
1987
the Yalta agreements of 1945 and the institutional models that have established themselves have generated a socio-economic system that has imposed itself through revolutionary and widespread social resignation, as opposed to the western system. The use of the administrative function, the partial application of the principle of equality, the abolition of private property, have denied freedom and fundamental principles. the study aims to analyze how that legal, institutional and economic model has been able to establish itself, at least until its contradictions and its legal and economic fictions have emerged.