Search results for " effect"

showing 10 items of 7524 documents

ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophobically Directed Aldol Reactions: Polystyrene-Supported L-Proline as a Recyclable Catalyst for Direct Asymmetric Aldol R…

2008

A simple synthetic methodology for the preparation of a polystyrene-supported L-proline material is reported, and this material has been used as catalyst in direct asymmetric aldol reactions between several ketones and arylaldehydes to furnish aldol products in high yields and stereoselectivities. Screening of solvents showed that these reactions take place only in the presence of water or methanol, at lower levels of conversion in the latter case. This solvent effect, coupled with the observed high stereoselectivities, has been explained in terms of the formation of a hydrophobic core in the inner surface of the resin, whereas the hydrophilic proline moiety lies at the resin/water interfac…

chemistry.chemical_compoundAldol reactionChemistryMoietyOrganic chemistryStereoselectivityGeneral MedicineProlinePolystyreneMethanolSolvent effectsCatalysisChemInform
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Understanding the kinetic solvent effects on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of benzonitrile N-oxide: a DFT study

2011

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, ISSN : 0894-3230, DOI : 10.1002/poc.1858, Issue : 7, Volume : 24, pp. 611 – 618, JUILLET 2011.

chemistry.chemical_compoundBenzonitrilechemistryVolume (thermodynamics)Computational chemistryOrganic Chemistry13-Dipolar cycloadditionPhysical organic chemistryOxideDensity functional theoryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrySolvent effectsElectron localization functionJournal of Physical Organic Chemistry
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Bis- and trisporphyrin bio-inspired models for bacterial antennas and photosystems

2011

This review presents the synthetic aspects and photophysical properties of trimeric systems constructed with a first unit consisting of a cofacial porphyrin and then of another porphyrin attached as a side arm. Two scenarios are dealt with. The first one is the case where the three chromophores are different, called donor 1–donor 2–acceptor, specifically where the cofacial fragment is composed of donor 1 and donor 2, and the side arm is the acceptor. They are considered as models for the apo-proteins used in the LH II (light harvesting device) in the purple photosynthetic bacteria. The second one is the case where the chromophores of the cofacial bisporphyrin residue are identical and are …

chemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographychemistrySuzuki reactionAntenna effectGeneral ChemistryPhotosynthetic bacteriaSinglet stateChromophorePhotochemistryPorphyrinAcceptorPhotoinduced electron transferJournal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines
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Relation between resonance energy and substituent resonance effect inP-phenols

2005

Molecular geometries of phenol and its 17 p-substituted derivatives were optimized at the B3LYP/6–311 + G** level of theory. Three homodesmotic and three isodesmotic reaction schemes were used to estimate aromatic stabilization energies (ASE) and the substituent effect stabilization energy (SESE). Other descriptors of π-electron delocalization (HOMA and NICS, NICS(1) and NICS(1)zz) were also estimated. The SESE and ASE values correlated well with one another as well as with substituent constants. Much worse correlations with substituent constants were found for other aromaticity indices. The NICS(1)zz values are the most negative for unsubstituted phenol, indicating its highest aromaticity;…

chemistry.chemical_compoundDelocalized electronMolecular geometryChemistryComputational chemistryOrganic ChemistrySubstituentPhenolAromaticityPhenolsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryResonance (chemistry)Resonance effectJournal of Physical Organic Chemistry
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Risk Assessment of "Other Substances"-Beta-Alanine

2018

chemistry.chemical_compoundFood supplementchemistrybusiness.industryAdverse health effectMedicinebeta-AlaninePharmacologybusinessRisk assessmentEuropean Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety
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Membrane Lipid-Polypeptide Molecular Associations in Non Aqueous Solvent. Effect of Phosphatidylcholine Concentration and Temperature and their Influ…

1986

Abstract The use of an Ultrastyragel 500 A column for the study of interactions between phosphatidylcholine and gramicidin A in tetra-hydrofuran is described. Analysis of vacant peak has allowed to establish the influence that eluent lipid composition, concentration of injected gramicidin and temperature have on the interaction. At 20[ddot] C, for the assayed phospholipid concentration range (0.04 to 0.14 %, w/v), the lipid/polypeptide molar binding ratio, BR, varies from 1.3 to 6.9. An increase in temperature from 20 to 40[ddot] C causes a decrease in BR of about 20 %. On the other hand, the interaction releases some of the water bound to the lipid polar head, suggesting that the binding i…

chemistry.chemical_compoundMembraneChromatographyAqueous solutionchemistryPhosphatidylcholineDimerPhospholipidGramicidinMolecular MedicineBound waterlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Solvent effectsJournal of Liquid Chromatography
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Risk Assessment of Other Substances in Food Supplements - L-methionine

2020

"Other substances" are described in the food supplement directive 2002/46/EC as substances other than vitamins or minerals that have a nutritional and/or physiological effect, and may be added to food supplements or e.g. energy drinks. In the series of risk assessments of "other substances" the VKM has not evaluated any claimed beneficial effects from these substances, but merely possible adverse effects at specified doses used in Norway. 
 This statement regards the substance L-methionine per se, and no specific products.
 According to information from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA), L-methionine is an ingredient in food supplements sold in Norway. NFSA has requested …

chemistry.chemical_compoundMethioninechemistryFood supplementbusiness.industryAdverse health effectEnvironmental healthMedicinebusinessRisk assessmentEuropean Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety
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Electrical tree growth in EVA-layered silicate nanocomposites

2006

This work deals with the growth of electrical treeing in different EVA-layered silicate nanostructured compounds. The experimental activity evidenced that the intercalated nanocomposites have longer lifetimes than pure EVA under the same constant AC stress conditions. A monitoring of the tree growth morphology allowed to evidence very interesting features of the intercalated nano-compounds showing a barrier effect to the treeing path. A preliminary investigation on the possible arrangement of the filler particles inside the matrix was also carried out.

chemistry.chemical_compoundNanocompositeMorphology (linguistics)Materials sciencechemistryBarrier effectElectrical treeingStress conditionsComposite materialSilicate2006 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena
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On lead-scandium tantalate solid solutions with high electrocaloric effect

1992

Abstract The PbSc0,5Ta0,5O3 solutions are found to be a useful material for active elements of microcryogenic devices based on electrocaloric effect. A temperature difference of ΔT = 1. 0-1.8 K at field intensities 20–30 kV/cm in the interval of 210–310 K can be achieved by simultaneous or separate introducing of Sb and Co ions in B-sites of the lattice. The most important contribution to the electrocaloric effect is due to field-induced Fn3m → R3m phase transition in the case of high ordering of B-ions in the perovskite structure ABO3.

chemistry.chemical_compoundPhase transitionMaterials sciencechemistryCondensed matter physicsLattice (order)Lead scandium tantalateElectrocaloric effectTemperature differenceCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsSolid solutionFerroelectrics
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Mechanism of the oxidation of sulfides by dioxiranes: conformational mobility and transannular interaction in the oxidation of thianthrene 5-oxide.

2004

The detailed study of the oxidation of thianthrene 5-oxide (1) with methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (5b) in different solvents and in the presence of (18)O isotopic tracers is reported. Thianthrene 5-oxide (1) is a flexible molecule in solution, and this property allows for transannular interaction of the sulfoxide group with the expected zwitterionic 7 and hypervalent 10-S-4 sulfurane 9 intermediates formed in the oxidation and biases the course of the reaction toward the monooxygenation pathway.

chemistry.chemical_compoundReaction mechanismTrifluoromethylchemistryDioxiraneZwitterionOrganic ChemistryHypervalent moleculeSulfoxideSolvent effectsPhotochemistryThianthreneThe Journal of organic chemistry
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