Search results for " effective"

showing 10 items of 380 documents

Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and Their Effects on Health Outcomes

2022

Background Vaccination against the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) is understood to be the key way out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited evidence exists on the determinants of vaccine rollouts and their health effects at the country level. Objective Examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts and their effects on health outcomes. Methods Ordinary least squares regressions with standard errors clustered at the country level for Cross-section and Panel daily data of vaccinations and various health outcomes (new COVID-19 cases, fatalities, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions) for an unbalanced sample of about 200 countries during the period 16 December 2020 to 20 June 2021. Results…

Economics and Econometricsand (iii) COVID-19 cases in neighboring countries can lead to an increase in a country's domestic caseload and hamper efforts in taming its own local outbreak. Conclusions: By providing an early broad overview of the quantitative empirical estimates of the determinants of vaccine rollouts and the effects of COVID-19 vaccines our paper can help policymakers make informed decisions about local and global distributions of vaccines as well as related policy tools such as containment measure.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)business.industryHealth PolicyNational accountsOutbreakGeneral Medicine(ii) vaccine deployment significantly reduces new COVID-19 infections Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and fatalities and is more effective when coupled with stringent containment measures or when a country is experiencing a large outbreakVaccination against the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) is understood to be the key way out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited evidence exists on the determinants of vaccine rollouts and their health effects at the country level. Objective: Examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts and their effects on health outcomes. Methods: Ordinary least squares regressions with standard errors clustered at the country level for Cross-section and Panel daily data of vaccinations and various health outcomes (new COVID-19 cases fatalities intensive care unit (ICU) admissions) for an unbalanced sample of about 200 countries during the period 16 December 2020 to 20 June 2021. Results: We find evidence that: (i) early vaccine procurement domestic production of vaccines the severity of the pandemic a country's health infrastructure and vaccine acceptance are significant determinants of the speed of vaccination rolloutHealth outcomesIntensive care unitlaw.inventionVaccinationProcurementlawEnvironmental healthPandemicGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesMedicinebusinessGeneral Environmental ScienceIMF Working Papers
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Can stability of foreign aid agreement reduce global income inequality?

2017

Abstract Global initiatives on debt relief call for increasing foreign aid assistance to alleviate income inequality. But the potential gains from foreign aid policy coordination may be limited by the willing participation of diverse and self-interested donor countries. If stability of the foreign aid agreement does not occur, then aid effectiveness fails. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the stability of foreign aid agreement on income redistribution amongst countries. The findings show that stability has positive effects on income mobility from the rich to the poorest countries reducing global income inequality.

Economics and Econometricsmedia_common.quotation_subject05 social sciencesEconomics Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)Stability (learning theory)International economicsAid effectivenessForeign aidEconomic inequalityIncome inequality metricsIncome distributionSettore SECS-P/03 - Scienza Delle FinanzeDebtComputable general equilibrium model; Foreign aid; Global income inequality; Stability.0502 economics and businessComputable general equilibrium modelEconomicsGlobal income inequality050207 economicsRedistribution of income and wealthStability.050205 econometrics media_common
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IDENTIFYING FACTORS INFLUENCING SCHOOL LEADERSHIP PRACTICES: CASE STUDY OF LATVIA

2020

Based on the analysis of research literature and empirical data, the study aims to identify significant factors affecting school leadership practices in Latvia. In addition to studies of scientific literature, the authors used qualitative research methods – in-depth interviews with 7 school leadership teams of the same municipality and expert focus group discussion to describe the influencing factors that are relevenat in the context of Latvia. As a result of the study, the authors identified that school leaders’ work experience, beliefs and mental models, social skills and impact of the external parties have an influence on their practices. 

Empirical dataSocial skillsEducational leadershipbusiness.industryContext (language use)Scientific literaturePublic relationsPsychologybusinessinfluencing factors; school effectiveness; school leadershipFocus groupWork experienceQualitative researchSOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference
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The effects of armed conflict on schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa

2012

In the past decades, most of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa have been affected by armed conflicts. By means of a time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) database, we attempt to measure the impact of war on a sample of 43 countries in Africa from 1950 to 2010. These conflicts, and especially civil wars, are shown to have a strong negative effect on the educational performances of the countries studied. The rate of children not attending school, as well as secondary school enrollment rates, seems particularly sensitive to periods of conflict. It also appears that government expenditures in social sectors including education are a positive factor in increasing school enrollment. In contrast, m…

EnfantSub saharanSociology and Political Science[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education[SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/EducationeducationPrimary educationArmed conflictSample (statistics)Academic achievementDevelopmentAfrique subsaharienneEducationEfficacité de l'enseignementPolitical scienceTeaching EffectivenessDevelopment economicsGender analysiswarScolarisationChildSexual inequalityarmed conflictSchoolingConflit arméTaux de scolarisationGovernmentEffetScolarisation des fillesSub-Saharan AfricaAttendanceGuerre[ SHS.EDU ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Educationenrollment ratioEnseignement primaireschool enrollmentEnrolment of girlsSaharan Africaprimary educationDépense d'éducationSecondary EducationEnseignement secondaireDemographic economicsInégalité sexuelleEducation expenditure
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Influence of raw data analysis for the use of neural networks for win farms productivity prediction

2011

In the last decade wind energy had a strong growth because of cost effectiveness of the technology and the high remunerative of investments.

EngineeringWind powerArtificial neural networkCost effectivenessbusiness.industryEnvironmental economicsMachine learningcomputer.software_genreStatistical analysisPower gridData pre-processingArtificial intelligencebusinessRaw datacomputerProductivity2011 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP)
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An analytical approach for the evaluation of the optimal combustion phase in spark ignition engines

2009

It is well known that the spark advance is one of the most important parameters influencing the efficiency of a spark ignition engine. A change in this parameter causes a shift in the combustion phase, whose optimal position, with respect to the piston motion, implies the maximum brake mean effective pressure for given operative conditions. The best spark timing is usually estimated by means of experimental trials on the engine test bed or by means of thermodynamic simulations of the engine cycle. In this work, instead, the authors developed, under some simplifying hypothesis, an original theoretical formulation for the estimation of the optimal combustion phase. The most significant parame…

Engineeringbusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringHomogeneous charge compression ignitionEnergy Engineering and Power TechnologyAerospace EngineeringMechanical engineeringMechanicsspark ignition engine optimal combustion phase spark timing spark advanceCombustionlaw.inventionIgnition systemPistonFuel TechnologySettore ING-IND/08 - Macchine A FluidoNuclear Energy and EngineeringMean effective pressurelawSpark-ignition engineIgnition timingCombustion chamberbusiness
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Nutrient mitigation under the impact of climate and land-use changes: A hydro-economic approach to participatory catchment management

2020

Abstract Excessive nutrient loadings into rivers are a well-known ecological problem. Implemented mitigation measures should ideally be cost-effective, but perfectly ranking alternative nutrient mitigation measures according to cost-effectiveness is a difficult methodological challenge. Furthermore, a particularly practical challenge is that cost-effective measures are not necessarily favoured by local stakeholders, and this may impede their successful implementation in practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of mitigation measures using a methodology that includes a participatory process and social learning to ensure their successful implementation. By …

Environmental EngineeringCost effectivenessClimateClimate ChangeHydrological modelling0208 environmental biotechnologyWetlandContext (language use)Contour plowing02 engineering and technology010501 environmental sciencesManagement Monitoring Policy and Law01 natural sciencesRiversWaste Management and DisposalEnvironmental planning0105 earth and related environmental sciencesCost databaseSwedengeographygeography.geographical_feature_categoryLand useNutrientsGeneral MedicineSocial learning020801 environmental engineeringEnvironmental scienceJournal of Environmental Management
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Influence of Cross-Section Shape and FRP Reinforcement Layout on Shear Capacity of Strengthened RC Beams

2022

The evaluation of the shear capacity of an FRP-strengthened reinforced-concrete beam is challenging due to the complex interaction between different contributions provided by the concrete, steel stirrup and FRP reinforcement. The shape of the beam and the FRP inclination can have paramount importance that is not often recognized by the models that are suggested by codes. The interaction among different resisting mechanisms has a significant effect on the shear capacity of beams, since it can cause a reduction in the efficiency of some resisting mechanisms. A comparative study of the performance in the shear resistance assessment provided by three models with six different effectiveness fact…

FRP; shear strengthening; average shear strength; effectiveness factor; inclinationSettore ICAR/09 - Tecnica Delle CostruzioniFRP shear strengthening average shear strength effectiveness factor inclinationGeneral Materials ScienceMaterials; Volume 15; Issue 13; Pages: 4545
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EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR

2016

The paper is focused on the efficiency of government activities and possibilities of evaluating it. Nowadays an appropriate use of public finances is an urgent problem of financial management of the state. Therefore, a special emphasis is put on the necessity to evaluate the results of activities of the public sector. These results have become an important element of the public financial system oriented towards results, as they form a stable base for planning and evaluating government budget resources. Being unaware of results, it is impossible to estimate if the aims and tasks set by the government financial policy are real and appropriate to the current situation and financial resources. …

Financial managementGovernmentActuarial scienceRisk analysis (engineering)business.industryPublic sectorefficiency; effectiveness; input; outcome; output productivity; public sectorPerformance indicatorElement (criminal law)businessAdministration (government)Outcome (game theory)Government budgetSOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference
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GAUSSIAN EFFECTIVE POTENTIAL AND ANTIFERROMAGNETISM IN THE HUBBARD MODEL

2012

The Gaussian Effective Potential (GEP) is shown to be a useful variational tool for the study of the magnetic properties of strongly correlated electronic systems. The GEP is derived for a single band Hubbard model on a two-dimensional bi-partite square lattice in the strong coupling regime. At half-filling the antiferromagnetic order parameter emerges as the minimum of the effective potential with an accuracy which improves over RPA calculations and is very close to that achieved by Monte Carlo simulations. Extensions to other magnetic systems are discussed.

Gaussian effective potentialPhysicsHubbard modelStrongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)Hubbard modelGaussianMonte Carlo methodFOS: Physical sciencesOrder (ring theory)Statistical and Nonlinear PhysicsCondensed Matter PhysicsSquare latticeGaussian effective potential; antiferromagnetism; Hubbard modelCondensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electronssymbols.namesakeantiferromagnetismsymbolsAntiferromagnetismCondensed Matter::Strongly Correlated ElectronsStrongly correlated materialStatistical physicsElectronic systemsModern Physics Letters B
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