Search results for " effects"
showing 10 items of 2364 documents
Global Dynamics and Imbalance Effects in the Lucas-Uzawa Model: Further Results
2007
In this paper we use a new analytical approach to the Lucas-Uzawa model (Boucekkine and Ruiz Tamarit, 2007) to extend the existing results on the dynamics, and notably on the imbalance effects arising in the model. The approach does not only allow to extend the traditional analysis to any initial conditions and for all variables in level, but it also permits a more general investigation of imbalance effects.
On Capturing Oil Rents with a National Excise Tax Revisited
2004
In this paper the scope of Bergstrom’s (1982) results is studied. Moreover, his analysis is extended assuming that extraction cost is directly related to accumulated extractions. For the case of a competitive market it is found that the optimal policy is a constant tariff if extraction is costless. However, with depletion effects, the optimal tariff must ultimately be decreasing. For the case of a monopolistic market the results depend crucially on the kind of strategies the importing country governments can play and on whether the monopolist chooses the price or extraction rate. For a price-setting monopolist it is shown that the importing countries cannot use a tariff to capture monopoly …
Perception du risque dépendance et demande d'assurance : une analyse à partir de l'enquête PATER
2013
Dans la littérature économique, de nombreux travaux tentent d'expliquer pourquoi les individus s’assurent aussi peu contre la dépendance. Du côté de l’offre, différents freins possibles au développement du marché de l’assurance dépendance ont d’ores et déjà été pointés du doigt par la littérature. Les estimations récentes montrent néanmoins que les limites imputables à l’offre ne suffisent pas à expliquer le faible développement du marché : même si les assurances étaient moins coûteuses et les couvertures proposées plus larges, la majorité des individus ne souscrirait toujours pas d’assurance. Il est donc nécessaire d’aller trouver des explications du côté de la demande d’assurance dépendan…
Neoclassical Growth, Environment and Technological Change: The Environmental Kuznets Curve
2009
The paper investigates socially optimal patterns of economic growth and environmental quality in a neoclassical growth model with endogenous technological progress. In the model, the environmental quality affects positively not only to utility but also to production. However, cleaner technologies can be used in the economy whether a part of the output is used in environmentally oriented R&D. In this framework, if the initial level of capital is low then the shadow price of a cleaner technology is low relative to the cost of developing it given by the marginal utility of consumption and it is not worth investing in R&D. Thus, there will be a first stage of growth based only on the accumulati…
Come e quando le norme internazionali operano negli ordinamenti statali
2023
In this chapter the main issues concerning legal effects of international legal rules in domestic orders are examined in a systematic way. This investigation is underpinned by the following five pillars. First, the idea that States are not bound by international obligations in this respect. Second, that despite the persistent (albeit limited) importance of formal models of incorporation of international law into domestic law, a central role is played by domestic courts, with particular regard to the identification of self-"executing" rules. Third, that international legal rules may sometimes produce legal effects in domestic orders, even in the absence of a formal incorporation into domesti…
Interpretation of gut microbiota data in the ‘eye of the beholder’: A commentary and re‐evaluation of data from ‘Impacts of radiation exposure on the…
2021
1.Evidence that exposure to environmental pollutants can alter the gut microbiota composition of wildlife includes studies of rodents exposed to radionuclides. 2.Antwis et al. (2021) used amplicon sequencing to characterise the gut microbiota of four species of rodent (Myodes glareolus, Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus) inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) to examine possible changes in gut bacteria (microbiota) and gut fungi (mycobiota) associated with exposure to radionuclides and whether the sample type (from caecum or faeces) affected the analysis. 3.The conclusions derived from the analyses of gut mycobiota are based on data that represent a mixture of inges…
Single-event effects of space and atmospheric radiation on memory components
2017
Electronic memories are ubiquitous components in electronic systems: they are used to store data, and can be found in all manner of industrial, automotive, aerospace, telecommunication and entertainment systems. Memory technology has seen a constant evolution since the first practical dynamic Random- Access Memories (dynamic RAMs) were created in the late 60's. The demand for ever-increasing performance and capacity and decrease in power consumption was met thanks to a steady miniaturization of the component features: modern memory devices include elements barely a few tens of atomic layers thick and a few hundred of atomic layers wide. The side effect of this constant miniaturization was a…
Secular rise in economically valuable personality traits
2017
Although trends in many physical characteristics and cognitive capabilities of modern humans are well-documented, less is known about how personality traits have evolved over time. We analyze data from a standardized personality test administered to 79% of Finnish men born between 1962 and 1976 (n = 419,523) and find steady increases in personality traits that predict higher income in later life. The magnitudes of these trends are similar to the simultaneous increase in cognitive abilities, at 0.2-0.6 SD during the 15-y window. When anchored to earnings, the change in personality traits amounts to a 12% increase. Both personality and cognitive ability have consistent associations with famil…
Human disturbance on Polylepis mountain forests in Peruvian Andes
2014
Vuoristot kattavat 20–25 % maapallon pinta-alasta ja niiden alueella kasvaa noin 28 % maapallon metsistä. Vuoristometsät ovat monella tapaa arvokkaita: ne tarjoavat useita ekosysteemipalveluita ja raaka-aineita sekä sisältävät suuren määrän elinympäristöjä ja eliölajeja. Ne ovat kuitenkin myös erittäin haavoittuvaisia. Resurssien optimoimiseksi tutkijat ovat nimenneet maapallolta hotspot-alueita, joilla esiintyy suuri määrä endeemisiä ja uhanalaisia lajeja. Ihmistoiminta vaikuttaa ekosysteemien luonnolliseen tilaan ollen merkittävä uhka hotspot-alueiden lajeille. Lisäksi ekosysteemin pirstaleisuus, laikun koko ja reunavaikutukset voivat vaikuttaa alueen lajirunsauteen ja sukupuuttovauhtiin.…
Recognition of earthquake-induced damage in the Abakainon necropolis (NE Sicily): results from geo-morphological, geophysical and numerical analyses
2017
Seismotectonic activity and slope instability are a permanent threat in the archaeological site of Abakainon and in the nearby village of Tripi in NE Sicily. In recent times, signs of an ancient earthquake have been identified in the necropolis of Abakainon which dating was ascertained to the first century AD earthquake. The site is located on a slope of Peloritani Mts. along the Tindari Fault Line and contains evidence for earthquake-induced landslide, including fallen columns and blocks, horizontal shift and counter slope tilting of the tomb basements. In this paper, we used an integrated geomorphological and geophysical analysis to constrain the landslide. The research was directed to th…