Search results for " environmental and occupational health"
showing 10 items of 3874 documents
Pharmacoeconomic assessment of implementing a universal PCV-13 vaccination programme in the Valencian public health system (Spain).
2011
Background: Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was licensed to provide immunity against pneumococcal disease caused by seven serotypes of S. pneumoniae. Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) includes 6 additional serotypes for preventing invasive pneumococcal disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the potential health benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of vaccination with PCV-13 in the Community of Valencia and to generate valuable information for policy makers at regional and country levels. Methods: A decision tree was designed to determine the health and economic outcomes in hypothetical cohorts of vaccinated and unvaccinate…
Single dose vaccination with AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccines in a randomized trial induces strong and broad immune responsiveness to booster vaccinatio…
2009
Priming a population with a pre-pandemic vaccine is being considered to maximize the response upon subsequent vaccination with a true pandemic vaccine more closely matched to the causative pandemic strain. The present study explored this prime-boost concept by evaluating different primary schedules with the pre-pandemic A/Vietnam/1194/2004(NIBRG-14) vaccine, containing 3.75 microg of HA, followed by a 6-month booster with a vaccine formulated with 3.75 microg HA of either the same strain or with A/Indonesia/05/2005(IBCDC-RG2), a heterologous strain from a different clade. In this multicentre, open, randomized study (NCT00430521) we measured immune responses in four groups (N = 48-60) of adu…
Immunity to tetanus in the 3-20 year age group in Italy
1997
In Italy, systematic mandatory tetanus immunization of children started in 1968. In 1989, immunity against tetanus was assessed in a random sample of 758 healthy subjects aged 3-20 y, from four Italian cities. There were 257 subjects 3-5 y old all residing in Southern Italy and 501 subjects 11-20 y old from both the South and North. The overall prevalence of non-immune subjects was 19.1%, without difference by sex. The rates of subjects lacking protective antibody titres was 25.3% in children 3-5 y old (all coming from South and the islands), 11.5% in those 11 y old, and 18.9% in the 18-20 y age-group, respectively. Subjects 11-20 y old residing in the South and the islands were more likely…
Factors associated with exclusive breast-feeding and breast-feeding in Norway
2010
Objective: To identify factors associated with exclusive breast-feeding and breastfeeding during the first year of life among Norwegian infants. Design: Data on breast-feeding practices were collected by a semi-quantitative FFQ. Setting: In 2006–2007 about 3000 infants were invited to participate in a populationbased prospective cohort study in Norway. Subjects: A total of 1490 mothers/infants participated at both 6 and 12 months of age. Results: Exclusive breast-feeding at 4 months was associated with parental education, parity and geographical region, while exclusive breast-feeding at 5?5 months was associated only with maternal age. At both ages, a negative association with exclusive bre…
Iodine intake from supplements and diet during pregnancy and child cognitive and motor development: the INMA Mother and Child Cohort Study
2017
BackgroundThe effect of mild-to-moderate maternal iodine deficiency on the neuropsychological development of their offspring is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association between iodine status during pregnancy and the cognitive and motor development of children at 4–5 years.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in four Spanish regions with recruitment of pregnant women between 2003 and 2008 and follow-up of their children up to 4–5 years (mean (SD)=4.8 (0.6)). Cognitive and motor function was assessed in 1803 children using the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities. Dietary iodine and supplementation were measured through questionnaires twice during pregnancy. Urinary iodine c…
The influence of parental modelling on children's physical activity and screen time: Does it differ by gender?
2016
Background: Parents play an important role in modelling healthy behaviours to their children. This study investigated associations between parent and child physical activity and screen time behaviours across specific domains, including moderating effects by parent and child gender. Method: The sample comprised 3300 school children and 2933 parents participating in the UP4FUN project (mean ages: child 11.2 ± 0.8 years, mother 40.0 ± 4.9 years, father 43.4 ± 5.8 years; 49% boys, 83% mothers). Data were collected in 2011 in Belgium, Greece, Hungary, Germany and Norway. Questionnaires assessed physical activity (sport, outdoor activities, walking and cycling for transport) and screen time (TV/D…
Effectiveness of pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines in preventing pandemic influenza-associated hospitalization.
2011
Vaccines are leading pharmacological measures for limiting the impact of pandemic influenza in the community. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of influenza (pandemic and seasonal) vaccines in preventing pandemic influenza-associated hospitalization. We conducted a multicenter matched case-control study in 36 Spanish hospitals. Patients hospitalized with confirmed pandemic influenza between November 2009 and February 2010 and two hospitalized controls per case, matched according to age, date of hospitalization and province of residence, were selected. Multivariate analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. Subjects were considered vaccinated…
Long-term health effects on the next generation of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy
2011
Each year, many pregnant women fast from dawn to sunset during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan. Medical theory suggests that this may have negative long-term health effects on their offspring. Building upon the work of Almond and Mazumder (2008), and using Indonesian crosssectional data, I show that people who were exposed to Ramadan fasting during their mother's pregnancy have a poorer general health and are sick more often than people who were not exposed. This effect is especially pronounced among older people, who, when exposed, also report health problems more often that are indicative of coronary heart problems and type 2 diabetes. The exposed are a bit smaller in body size and weig…
A retrospective follow up study on maternal age and infant mortality in two Sicilian districts
2011
Abstract Background Infant mortality rate (IMR) is a key public health indicator. Maternal age is a well-known determinant of pregnancy and delivery complications and of infant morbidity and mortality. In Italy the Infant Mortality Rate was 3.7/1000 during 2005, lower than the average IMR for the European Union (4.94/1000). Sicily is the Italian region with the highest IMR, 5/1000, and neonatal mortality rate (NMR), 3.8/1000, with substantial variation among its nine districts. The present study compared a high IMR/NMR district (Messina) with a low IMR/NMR district (Palermo) during the period 2004-2006 to evaluate potential determinants of the IMRs' differences between the two districts and…
Interdigital syphilis: a rare form of secondary syphilis
2019
A 39-year-old man with bilateral painful erosions in his toe web spaces and on the penile shaft was misdiagnosed as having Gram-negative toe web infection, and treated with broad-spectrum oral antibiotics. Further evaluation revealed positive serological tests for syphilis. Pedal interdigital syphilis is a rare manifestation of secondary syphilis.