Search results for " enzyme"

showing 10 items of 791 documents

An overview of the traditional and innovative approaches for pectin extraction from plant food wastes and by-products: Ultrasound-, microwaves-, and …

2018

Abstract Background A large amount of food wastes and by-products are produced from farm to plate. They represent valuable sources for the production of high-added value compounds such as pectin. Pectin is the methylated ester of polygalacturonic acid and presents a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as well as in food industry such as gelling agent in fruit-based products, stabilizer in fruit and milk beverages and fruit filling for bakery and confectionary products, among others. Therefore, pectin recovery is of great importance. Scope and Approach The commercially available pectin is almost exclusively derived from citrus peels or apple pomace, by-products…

food.ingredientPectinFood industryNovel food02 engineering and technologycomplex mixturesMatrix (chemical analysis)0404 agricultural biotechnologyfoodpectin ; food wastes ; by-products ; ultrasound ; microwaves ; enzyme-assisted extractionChemistrybusiness.industrydigestive oral and skin physiologyExtraction (chemistry)Pomacefood and beverages04 agricultural and veterinary sciences021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPulp and paper industry040401 food scienceSolvent0210 nano-technologybusinessFood ScienceBiotechnologyStabilizer (chemistry)Trends in Food Science & Technology
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Effect of cytochrome P450 inhibitors (diethyl dithiocarbamate, ketoconazole and grapefruit juice) on the pharmacokinetics of all-trans-retinoic acid.

2004

Diethyl dithiocarbamate (DEDTC) has been reported to be a more powerful inhibitor of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in vitro metabolism than the well-established cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor ketoconazole (KC). In recent years grapefruit juice (GJ) has been shown to be able to increase the oral bioavailability of several drugs by inhibiting intestinal CYP. This study investigated the in vivo effect of these CYP inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of ATRA. The latter was administered to rats as a constant-rate intravenous (i.v.) infusion (0.48 mg h(-1) kg(-1)) during 10 h and orally (1.6 mg kg(-1)). DEDTC (320 mg kg(-1) x 2 i.v., 6.4 and 32 mg kg(-1) per os (p.o.)) did not change the ATRA c…

food.ingredientRetinoic acidPharmaceutical ScienceTretinoinPharmacologyGrapefruit juiceBeverageschemistry.chemical_compoundfoodPharmacokineticsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemIn vivoDrug DiscoverymedicineAnimalsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme InhibitorsEnzyme InhibitorsneoplasmsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitorsbiologyorganic chemicalsCytochrome P450BioavailabilityRatsKetoconazolechemistrybiology.proteinKetoconazoleDitiocarbmedicine.drugCitrus paradisiFarmaco (Societa chimica italiana : 1989)
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Structural diversity and enzyme activity of volcanic soils at different stages of development and response to experimental disturbance

2008

We investigated the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) diversity and enzyme activities in soils from the volcano, Mt. Etna (Sicily). The soils were at sites which have been developing for different periods of time and have formed in volcanic lava of differing ages that have been supplemented with volcanic ejecta from subsequent eruptions. However, the plant communities indicated a marked successional difference between the sites and we have used this as a proxy for developmental stage. We have compared the structural and functional properties of the microbial communities in soils from the two sites and tested experimentally the hypothesis that the more diverse community was more resistant and r…

geographygeography.geographical_feature_categorybiologyLavaEcologySettore AGR/13 - Chimica AgrariaAcid phosphataseSoil SciencePlant communityMicrobiologyEnzyme assayVolcanoMicrobial population biologySoil waterbiology.proteinArylsulfatasePLFA Enzyme activity Volcanic Development Disturbance
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Angiopoietin-2 plasma dosage predicts time to first treatment and overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

2010

Abstract The clinical relevance of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was previously suggested by the association between high Ang2, and shorter progression-free survival reported in small series of patients. Here, we evaluated Ang2 glycoprotein levels in plasma samples collected from a multicentric cohort of CLL patients (n = 316) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and we investigated its prognostic role in relation to time to first treatment (TTFT) and overall survival. Based on a cutoff equal to 2459 pg/mL, we divided our cohort in 2 subsets (high and low Ang2) composing 100 (31.6%) and 216 (68.4%) patients, respectively. High Ang2 was predictive …

glycoproteinMaleTime FactorsZAP-70Chronic lymphocytic leukemiavascular endothelial growth factor aBiochemistryGastroenterologyimmunoglobulin heavy chainsAdult Aged Aged; 80 and over Angiopoietin-2; analysis/blood Blood Chemical Analysis Female Humans Leukemia; Lymphocytic; Chronic; B-Cell; blood/diagnosis/mortality/therapy Male Middle Aged Neoadjuvant Therapy Prognosis Survival Analysis Time Factors Tumor Markers; Biological; bloodBlood plasma80 and overChronicTumor MarkersAged 80 and overLeukemiaHematologyHazard ratioprotein kinaseHematologyanalysis/bloodMiddle Agedchronic b-cell leukemiasPrognosisLymphocyticNeoadjuvant TherapyLeukemiaCohortFemaleAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyImmunologyangiopoietins chronic b-cell leukemias chronic lymphocytic leukemia plasma vascular endothelial growth factor a cd38 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay glycoprotein immunoglobulin heavy chains protein kinaseNOcd38Angiopoietin-2bloodInternal medicinemedicineBiomarkers Tumorchronic lymphocytic leukemia angiopoietin-2.Humansbeta(2)-microglobulinplasmaSurvival analysisblood/diagnosis/mortality/therapyAgedbusiness.industryB-CellCell BiologyBiologicalmedicine.diseaseLeukemia Lymphocytic Chronic B-CellSurvival AnalysisConfidence intervalImmunologychronic lymphocytic leukemiaangiopoietin-2enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaybusinessCLL; angiopoietin-2; beta(2)-microglobulin; ZAP-70; CD38Settore MED/15 - Malattie del SangueangiopoietinsBlood Chemical AnalysisCLLCD38Blood Chemical Analysis; Angiopoietin-2; Humans; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Prognosis; Aged; Aged 80 and over; Leukemia Lymphocytic Chronic B-Cell; Adult; Middle Aged; Tumor Markers Biological; Time Factors; Female; Male; Survival Analysis
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Prolonging in utero-like oxygenation after birth diminishes oxidative stress in the lung and brain of mice pups☆

2013

Background Fetal-to-neonatal transition is associated with oxidative stress. In preterm infants, immaturity of the antioxidant system favours supplemental oxygen-derived morbidity and mortality. Objectives To assess if prolonging in utero-like oxygenation during the fetal-to-neonatal transition limits oxidative stress in the lung and brain, improving postnatal adaptation of mice pups. Material and methods Inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) in pregnant mice was reduced from 21% (room air) to 14% (hypoxia) 8–12 h prior to delivery and reset to 21% 6–8 h after birth. The control group was kept at 21% during the procedure. Reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and its precursors [γ-glut…

gsr (glutathione reductase gene)pgd phosphogluconate dehydrogenase geneGPX1FiO2 inspiratory oxygen fractionγ-GC (gamma-glutamyl cysteine)PhysiologyBiochemistryMice0302 clinical medicinePregnancyquinone oxidoreductase 1) [noq1 (NAD(P)H]NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)gapdh glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase geneP7 1 week after birthGSH (reduced glutathione)Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donorsme1 (malic enzyme 1 gene)glutathioneLungSpO2 oxygen saturationlcsh:QH301-705.5γ-GC–NEM gamma-glutamyl cysteine covalently bonded to N-ethylmaleimidechemistry.chemical_classification0303 health sciencesGSSG oxidized glutathioneGlutathione peroxidaseO14 (hypoxia group FiO2=14%)Brainm/z mass-to-charge ratioG18 18th day of gestationCell Hypoxia3. Good healthpgd (phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene)In uterogclm glutamylcysteine ligase modifier subunit genesrnx1 sulfiredoxin 1 genelcsh:Medicine (General)me1 malic enzyme 1 genesrnx1 (sulfiredoxin 1 gene)gclm (glutamylcysteine ligase modifier subunit gene)γ-GC–NEM (gamma-glutamyl cysteine covalently bonded to N-ethylmaleimide)trxnd1 (thioredoxin reductase 1 gene)redox regulation03 medical and health sciencesnoq1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1γ-GC gamma-glutamyl cysteineCySH L-cysteinePregnancyg6pdx (glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase gene)GlutathioneOxygenationgapdh (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene)medicine.diseaseMice Inbred C57BLOxygenP1 24 h after birthGCL glutamylcysteine ligasechemistryOxidative stressRedox regulationNEM (N-ethylmaleimide)O14 hypoxia group (FiO2=14%)GSH reduced glutathioneClinical Biochemistrymedicine.disease_causechemistry.chemical_compoundGlutathione Peroxidase GPX1GS–NEM reduced glutathione covalently bonded to N-ethylmaleimideSpO2 (oxygen saturation)oxidative stressg6pdx glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase genelcsh:R5-920GSSG (oxidized glutathione)G18 (18th day of gestation)gsr glutathione reductase geneGlutathionegpx1 glutathione peroxidase 1 genemedicine.anatomical_structurem/z (mass-to-charge ratio)LC–MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry)FemaleLC–MS/MS liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometryO21 (normoxia group FiO2=21%)paO2 (partial pressure of oxygen)gpx1 (glutathione peroxidase 1 gene)Research Papernoq1 (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1)CySH (l-cysteine)FiO2 (inspiratory oxygen fraction)CyS–NEM (cysteine covalently bonded to N-ethylmaleimide)030225 pediatricsmedicineP7 (1 week after birth)AnimalsGCL (glutamylcysteine ligase)P1 (24 h after birth)O21 normoxia group (FiO2=21%)CyS–NEM cysteine covalently bonded to N-ethylmaleimide030304 developmental biologyGlutathione PeroxidaseLungOrganic ChemistryGS–NEM (reduced glutathione covalently bonded to N-ethylmaleimide)trxnd1 thioredoxin reductase 1 geneMolecular biologypaO2 partial pressure of oxygenAnimals NewbornGene Expression Regulationlcsh:Biology (General)NEM N-ethylmaleimidefetal-to-neonatal transitionoxygenOxidative stressFetal-to-neonatal transition
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Seminar 2_Clinical Enzimology

2022

Este documento ha sido revisado por el Servicio de política Linguística. Su labor ha sido muy importante para la correción del documento. Este documento contiene un pdf con las diapositivas utilizadas para el seminario 2, dentro de la asignatura de Integración de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, para los alumnos de 2º curso del grado de Medicina. El seminario habla de los ensayos clínicos realizados en sangre, del valor diagnóstico de determinadas activades enzimáticas, y como realizar correctamente un análisis de sangre. Una segunda parte de este seminario trata sobre las isoenzimas. This document contains a pdf with the slides used for the seminar 2, within the subject of Integration of B…

half life of an enzymeisoenzymesUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASclinical enzymologyblood test
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Cytochrome-P450 phosphorylation as a functional switch

2002

Xenobiotic metabolizing cytochromes P450 (CYP) were shown to be phosphorylated in vitro (using purified protein kinases together with purified CYPs), in intact cells (in V79 cells after transfection of cDNAs coding for individual CYPs, in diagnostic mutants, in hepatocytes), and in whole organisms (rats). CYP phosphorylation is highly isoenzyme selective in that only some CYPs are phosphorylated. Protein kinase A (PKA) was identified as a major catalyst for the phosphorylation of CYPs. The PKA recognition motif Arg-Arg-X-Ser is present in several members of the CYP2 family, but is used by only some of them, most notably by CYP2B1/2B2 and CYP2E1. For CYP2B1 it was shown that a substantial po…

inorganic chemicalsAmino Acid MotifsMutantBiophysicsBiologyTransfectionBiochemistryCatalysisCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemCyclic AMPAnimalsheterocyclic compoundsProtein phosphorylationPhosphorylationEnzyme inducerProtein kinase AMolecular BiologyCells CulturedKinaseorganic chemicalsCytochrome P450Transfectionrespiratory systemMolecular biologyRatsKineticsenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)LiverBiochemistryMutagenesis Site-Directedbiology.proteinPhosphorylationRabbitsArchives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
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In Vitro and In Vivo Regulation of SRD5A mRNA Expression of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract from Asparagus racemosus Willd. Root as Anti-Sebum a…

2022

Oily skin from overactive sebaceous glands affects self-confidence and personality. There is report of an association between steroid 5-alpha reductase gene (SRD5A) expression and facial sebum production. There is no study of the effect of Asparagus racemosus Willd. root extract on the regulation of SRD5A mRNA expression and anti-sebum efficacy. This study extracted A. racemosus using the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid technique with ethanol and investigated its biological compounds and activities. The A. racemosus root extract had a high content of polyphenolic compounds, including quercetin, naringenin, and p-coumaric acid, and DPPH scavenging activity comparable to that of the standa…

integumentary systemChemistry (miscellaneous)Organic ChemistryDrug DiscoveryMolecular MedicinePharmaceutical SciencePellPhysical and Theoretical Chemistryanti-sebum efficacy; <i>Asparagus racemosus</i>; facial-pore-minimizing efficacy; facial sebum production; 5-alpha reductase enzymes; human volunteer; oily skin; polyphenols; <i>SRD5A</i>; supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extractionPlantes medicinalsAndrògensAnalytical ChemistryMolecules
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Sulfur transfer and activation by ubiquitin-like modifier system Uba4•Urm1 link protein urmylation and tRNA thiolation in yeast.

2017

Urm1 is a unique dual-function member of the ubiquitin protein family and conserved from yeast to man. It acts both as a protein modifier in ubiquitin-like urmylation and as a sulfur donor for tRNA thiolation, which in concert with the Elongator pathway forms 5-methoxy-carbonyl-methyl-2-thio (mcm5s2) modified wobble uridines (U34) in anticodons. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to study a relationship between these two functions, we examined whether cultivation temperature and sulfur supply previously implicated in the tRNA thiolation branch of the URM1 pathway also contribute to proper urmylation. Monitoring Urm1 conjugation, we found urmylation of the peroxiredoxin Ahp1 is suppre…

lcsh:Biology (General)protein urmylationApplied MicrobiologyGeneticstRNase zymocintRNA thiolationE1-like enzyme Uba4Saccharomyces cerevisiaeubiquitin-like modifier Urm1lcsh:QH301-705.5MicrobiologyMolecular Biologysulfur transferase Tum1Microbial cell (Graz, Austria)
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Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Human Gastric Carcinoma: 8-Oxo-7&#039;8-dihydro-2&#039;-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) as a Possible Tumor Marker

2013

We characterized the oxidative stress (OS) status by the levels of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the mutagenic base 8-oxo-7&#039;8-dihydro-2&#039;-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in human gastric carcinoma (HGC) samples and compared the results with normal tissue from the same patients. We also analyzed 8-oxo-dG in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) and urine from healthy control subjects and in affected patients in the basal state and one, three, six, nine and twelve months after tumor resection. The levels of DNA repair enzyme mRNA expression (hOGG1, RAD51, MUYTH and MTH1) were determined in tumor specimens and compared with normal mucosa. Tumor specimens e…

lcsh:ChemistryDNA repair enzymeslcsh:Biology (General)lcsh:QD1-999gastric cancertumor markeroxidative stress8-oxo-dGlcsh:QH301-705.5International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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