Search results for " epistemology"
showing 10 items of 61 documents
Evidence//Intuibility
2020
The concept of evidence is implied by distinct kinds of cognitive and reasoning processes carried out in ordinary experience or in specialized domains of knowledge, like science, philosophy, logic and mathematics. Theories have been developed along three orthogonal axes. Along the first axis, theories are located according to their view on evidence as a necessary and sufficient condition for knowledge. Along the second axis, theories are located according to the cognitive characterization of evidence. On the third axis, theories are distinguished by the individuation of the bearers of evidence.
Perception / percept
2020
The term perception denotes the capacity of grasping something that to the common sense belongs to external world, which is the stable and persistent collection of things that are the natural and man-made furniture of the environment. Perception denotes also the capacity of sensing something, like warmth or pain, that is the effect of an external or internal cause localized on or inside one’s own body. Therefore, perception has subjective and objective factors as constituents of its conditions of satisfaction. The activity of perception is describable in terms of the percept, namely the objective constituent of its conditions of satisfaction
Analogy
2020
Analogy is a mode of reasoning that is employed in problem solving, logic, science and art. The scheme of analogical reasoning is centred on the detection of similarity or common features across domains. Copi and Cohen (2005), Keynes (1921), Carnap (1980) suggested what analogical reasoning consists of. De Finetti (1938) proposed an alternative treatment of analogy as inference on what is invariant across statistical distributions of distinct event kinds. In problem solving theory, cognitive models of the content and the structural mapping of analogy has been built. Science and art has provided important test beds for models.
Visualization/Visibility
2020
The term visualization is employed to refer to the capacity of making visible properties, relations, objects and state of affairs which either are no longer presented through perception or depends upon concepts and theoretical definitions, which regard domains that lie outside the scope of perception. In the strict sense, visualization is the kind of experience akin to perception, which is enabled by the structure and the function of imagery. From a functional standpoint, then, the capacity of visualization relies on a not arbitrary mapping between visual-spatial representations and what they stand for. In this broader sense, it is connected with perception and rule-based qualitative reason…
Arte, psicologia e realismo. Saggi in onore di Lucia Pizzo Russo
2011
This volume provides essays by psychologists and philosophers who deal with the insight that led L. Pizzo Russo's lifelong research work, that is understanding human mind amounts to a study of perception and thought at the boundary between psychology and philosophy. A research that is realized without disciplinary prejudices should be thus able to recover the logic of perception and the perceptual nature of thought. At the same time, the phenomenological objectitivity of values and artifacts must be accounted for.
Impianto metodologico e programma di ricerca dell’Economia aziendale. Il pensiero di Teodoro D’Ippolito e la sua attualità.
2019
This paper aims to analyze and summarizing the theoretical aspects of the research methodology proposed by Teodoro D'Ippolito with reference to Economia aziendale. Indeed, D'Ippolito was the first scholar to make a contribution to this topic after Gino Zappa and before Pietro Onida's more famous contribution “Le discipline economico-aziendali. Oggetto e metodo” (1947). Bibliographic research has been carried out to identify the scientific contributions of Teodoro D'Ippolito which concerned the subject of research methodology in Economia aziendale. Through a historiographical constructivist approach, contributions on the subject have been analyzed, interpreted and systematized. In particular…
Group epistemic value
2021
AbstractSometimes we are interested in how groups are doing epistemically in aggregate. For instance, we may want to know the epistemic impact of a change in school curriculum or the epistemic impact of abolishing peer review in the sciences. Being able to say something about how groups are doing epistemically is especially important if one is interested in pursuing a consequentialist approach to social epistemology of the sort championed by Goldman (Knowledge in a social world. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999). According to this approach we evaluate social practices and institutions from an epistemic perspective based on how well they promote the aggregate level of epistemic value ac…
La filosofía como crítica del lenguaje
2005
Vicente.Sanfelix@uv.es Este artículo compara las concepciones que Mauthner y Wittgenstein tuvieron de la filosofía como crítica del lenguaje. Su conclusión es que ambos autores ofrecen dos modelos diferentes de crítica: epistemológica, psicológica, histórica, naturalista, mundana y atea, la de Mauthner. Lógica, antipsicologista, a-histórica, transcendental, extra-mundana y teológica de la Wittgenstein. This article compares Mauthner's and Wittgenstein's conceptions of philosophy as critique of language. Its conclusion is than they offer two different models of critique: epistemological, psychological, historical, naturalist, worldly and atheist that of Mauthner. Logical, no psychologist, no…
On the conditions for objectivity : how to avoid bias in socially relevant research
2015
Conoscere il diritto
2023
Il modo di concepire la conoscenza del diritto varia nel corso del tempo ed è influenzato da molteplici fattori. Seguendo Norberto Bobbio è possibile distinguere due modelli ideal-tipici di giurista: il “custode” di un diritto pre-esistente e il “creatore” di un diritto perennemente in fieri e indeterminato. Tale alternativa è tuttavia soltanto apparente; anche quando la scienza giuridica postula l’esistenza di un diritto-oggetto in attesa di essere conosciuto, essa in effetti non fa altro che presupporre una immagine ideologicamente caratterizzata del diritto. Di conseguenza, lo studioso del diritto non è mai un osservatore neutrale. Così anche il diritto-oggetto “custodito” dalla scienza …