Search results for " equivalent"
showing 10 items of 172 documents
ORAC and TEAC assays comparison to measure the antioxidant capacity of food products
2009
Abstract Oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays were compared to estimate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of orange juice, milk, and an orange juice-milk beverage. When the TEAC method was used with this beverage, an increase in the concentration of orange juice corresponded to an increase in TAC, but increasing the percentage of milk did not increase the TAC value. When the ORAC method was applied, it was seen that increased concentrations of juice or milk corresponded to greater antioxidant capacity. An evaluation was also made of the influence of certain compounds (ascorbic acid, gallic acid, β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin…
The use of two-diode substitute model in predicting the efficiency of PV conversion in low solar conditions
2017
The article presents theoretical foundations of a two-diode equivalent model of a photovoltaic cell/module (PV), together with calculation procedures. A physical interpretation of individual components of an equivalent model was presented. Its practical application in predicting efficiency of operation of various PV cells and modules in low insulation conditions was demonstrated. The obtained predictions were verified with the actual results of their operation in open space (outdoor). The practical suitability of the “model” in early detection of ageing phenomena, such as, for example, absorber degradation taking place in PV modules, was demonstrated. The article was prepared on the basis o…
Estimation of Passenger Car Equivalents for single-lane roundabouts using a microsimulation-based procedure
2017
Calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models for single-lane roundabouts.Use of a meta-analytical estimation of critical and follow up headways.Use of a genetic algorithm-based procedure.Calculation of passenger car equivalents for single-lane roundabouts. Passenger car equivalents for heavy vehicles are required to carry out capacity calculations and perform operational analysis of any road entity (roadway segments or intersections). At single-lane roundabouts, the constraints to the vehicular trajectories imposed by the curvilinear geometric design and the driver's gap acceptance behaviour are expected to produce an impact of the heavy vehicles on the quality of traffic flow diffe…
Maternal body mass index, change in weight status from childhood to late adulthood and physical activity in older age
2021
This study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of maternal body mass index (BMI), weight status in childhood and late adulthood and device-measured total physical activity (TPA) in older age. The study involves 552 participants from Helsinki Birth Cohort Study who were born in Helsinki, Finland, in 1934-1944. TPA was measured with a multisensory body monitor at a mean age of 70 years and expressed in metabolic equivalent of task hours/day (METh/d). Childhood overweight (BMI > 85th percentile) was based on school health records at 6-7 years of age, and late adulthood overweight (BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)) was based on clinical measurements at the mean age of 61 years. Childhood overweight…
Equivalent-Single-Layer discontinuous Galerkin methods for static analysis of multilayered shells
2021
Abstract An original formulation for the elastic analysis of multilayered shells is presented in this work. The key features of the formulation are: the representation of the shell mean surface via a generic system of curvilinear coordinates; the unified treatment of general shell theories via an Equivalent-Single-Layer approach based on the through-the-thickness expansion of the covariant components of the displacement field; and an Interior Penalty discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the solution of the set of governing equations. The combined use of these features enables a high-order solution of the multilayered shell problem. Several numerical tests are presented for isotropic, orthotrop…
Can EMMA solve the puzzle of the knee?
2011
Abstract The knee is a change in the slope of the cosmic ray spectrum at approximate energy of 3 PeV. There are multiple competing models for the knee giving conflicting predictions about this change for different masses of the primary particle. Accurate mass measurements of cosmic rays spectra around 3 PeV would be able to exclude some of these models. Cosmic-ray experiment EMMA uses a new method for studying the composition of cosmic rays at the knee area. It is able to determine the multiplicity, the lateral distribution, and the arrival direction of incoming muons produced early in the shower evolution on an event-by-event basis and deduce from these measurements the mass and the energy…
Cosmic Ray Results from the CosmoALEPH Experiment
2008
CosmoALEPH is an experiment operated in conjunction with the ALEPH detector. The ALEPH experiment took data from 1989 until the year 2000 at the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) at CERN. It provides, among others, high resolution tracking and calorimetry. CosmoALEPH used this e + e − detector for cosmic ray studies. In addition, six scintillator telescopes were installed in the ALEPH pit and the LEP tunnel. The whole experiment operated underground at a vertical depth of 320 meter water equivalent. Data from ALEPH and the scintillator telescopes provide informaton on the lateral distribution of energetic cosmic ray muons in extensive air showers. The decoherence curve of these remnant…
Corneal Aberrations, Contrast Sensitivity, and Light Distortion in Orthokeratology Patients: 1-Year Results.
2016
Purpose. To evaluate the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOA), contrast sensitivity function (CSF), and light distortion (LD) in patients undergoing orthokeratology (OK). Methods. Twenty healthy subjects (mean age: 21.40 ± 8 years) with mean spherical equivalent refractive error M = −2.19 ± 0.97 D were evaluated at 1 day, 1 month, and 1 year after starting OK treatment. Monocular LD, photopic monocular CSF, and corneal HOA for 6 mm pupil size were measured. Results. LD showed an increase after the first night (𝑝 0.05). Spherical-like, coma-like, and secondary astigmatism HOA RMS increased significantly (𝑝 ≤ 0.022) from baseline to 1-month visit, remaining unchanged over the follow-up. C…
Il risarcimento per equivalente e in forma specifica.
2014
Il contributo analizza le diverse dottrine che si sono soffermate sull'inquadramento sistematico del risarcimento in forma specifica del danno da inadempimento. Dopo aver qualificato il mezzo di tutela in questione come forma di tutela risarcitoria, l'Autore indaga il rapporto tra il risarcimento in forma specifica e il risarcimento per equivalente e propone la lettura del primo come mezzo di tutela rispondente al medesimo danno del secondo, ma indirizzato al soddisfacimento di un diverso bisogno di tutela. Il che trova rilevanza giuridica nella diversa disciplina apprestata dall'art. 2058 c.c. al risarcimento in forma specifica rispetto al risarcimento per equivalente e può giustificare il…
Il risarcimento in forma specifica e la rilevanza giuridica dell’attività di compensazione del danno.
2013
The author moves from the premise that the quantum of compensation in specific form can be greater than monetary compensation and aims to show that Article 2058 of the Italian Civil Code gives legal relevance to the different way in which damages are compensated through compensation in specific form rather than monetary compensation. This offers the legal justification for the greater economic value of compensation in specific form as it includes both the cost of damage and the cost to compensate it.