Search results for " evolution"
showing 10 items of 9699 documents
Cormorant predation mortality of perch (Perca fluviatilis) in coastal and archipelago areas, northern Baltic Sea
2021
Abstract Perch (Perca fluviatilis) is an important prey species of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in the coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea. The annual predation mortality caused by cormorants was estimated based on the consumed numbers of perch in relation to the abundance of perch in vulnerable age groups in the sea. We used existing stock assessment data (Archipelago Sea) or a simple population model in other areas (Gulf of Finland, Bothnian Sea, and Quark), based on commercial and recreational perch catches, and estimated fishing and natural mortalities, with distributions describing our understanding about the likelihood of different values for every variable…
Discretising Keyfitz' entropy for studies of actuarial senescence and comparative demography
2023
1. Keyfitz’ entropy is a widely used metric to quantify the shape of the survivorship curve of populations, from plants, to animals, and microbes. Keyfitz’ entropy values 1 correspond to species with a decreasing mortality rate with age (negative senescence), and a Keyfitz entropy of exactly 1 corresponds to a constant mortality rate with age. Keyfitz’ entropy was originally defined using a continuous-time model, and has since been discretised to facilitate its calculation from discrete-time demographic data. 2. Here, we show that the previously used discretisation of the continuous-time metric does not preserve the relationship with increasing, decreasing, or constant mortality rates. To r…
Using the centre-periphery framework to explore human-carnivore relations
2023
Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M Living alongside carnivores can incur both costs and benefits on people's lifeways. While positive outcomes of carnivore presence can foster coexistence, negative relations with carnivores can trigger carnivores' killing and undermine their conservation. In response to this, conservation efforts increasingly focus on promoting positive human-carnivore relations, most often through improvements in the flow of economic benefits from carnivores to local communities. However, there is a question mark over the effectiveness and potential consequences of market-based instruments for carnivore conservation. To understand the opportunities and p…
Biocultural conflicts: understanding complex interconnections between a traditional ceremony and threatened carnivores in north Kenya
2022
Abstract Biological and cultural diversity are inextricably linked and rapidly eroding worldwide. As a response, many conservation efforts foster synergies between cultural and biological diversity agendas through biocultural approaches. However, such approaches do not always address biocultural conflicts, where certain cultural practices can lead to biodiversity loss and, in turn, threaten the continuance of such practices. In this study, we examined a biocultural conflict in the Dimi ceremony, the most important rite of passage of the Daasanach agro-pastoralists of north Kenya, in which skins from threatened carnivore species are used extensively as traditional ornaments. We quantified th…
Pragmatic and Informative “Wholes”: the Evolutionary Roots of the Human Language
2011
The study of the origins of language has been the interest of several ungrounded debates which have often affected its scientific plausibility. In this paper, aiming at an internally consistent interdisciplinary approach, I will adopt Botha´s “Windows Approach" (2006) in order to justify the following two assumptions concerning the evolutionary roots of human language: a) despite the uniqueness of human language in sharing and conveying utterances with an open-ended structure, some isolated components of our linguistic competence are somehow shared with non-human primates, grounding a line of evolutionary continuity; b) the evolutionary thesis which sustains that the very first “linguistic”…
Localization of Viral Epitope-Specific CD8 T Cells during Cytomegalovirus Latency in the Lungs and Recruitment to Lung Parenchyma by Airway Challenge…
2021
Interstitial pneumonia is a life-threatening clinical manifestation of cytomegalovirus infection in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The mouse model of experimental HCT and infection with murine cytomegalovirus revealed that reconstitution of virus-specific CD8+ T cells is critical for resolving productive lung infection. CD8+ T-cell infiltrates persisted in the lungs after the establishment of latent infection. A subset defined by the phenotype KLRG1+CD62L− expanded over time, a phenomenon known as memory inflation (MI). Here we studied the localization of these inflationary T effector-memory cells (iTEM) by comparing their frequencies in the intravascular and transm…
Interventions for Improving Reading Comprehension in Children with ASD: A Systematic Review.
2021
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have comorbid learning difficulties in reading comprehension, an essential skill in accessing any area of the curriculum. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the effectiveness of reading comprehension interventions in students with ASD. We conducted a search for scientific articles published from 2000 to 2019 using the keyword “autis*” in combination with the terms “reading comprehension” and “intervention” or “instruction” in Psyc Info and Scopus databases. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 25 studies were selected. The content analysis of these studies shows that when specific interventions are carrie…
The Mediterranean weedy vegetation and its origin
2007
An overview on the origin and evolutionary trends in the Mediterranean weedy vegetation is presented, with reference to the phytosociological units to which they are ascribed: Stellarietea mediae, Papaveretea rhoeadis, Oryzetea sativae. It is postulated that the “Neolithic revolution” was more likely a “Neolithic evolution”, i.e. the result of a process of selection and demographic growth that lasted for at least 10000 yrs, before leading to the domestication of plants and animals. During this very long time, wild crop relatives were simply growing together with the wild weed relatives, in their original milieu. At the beginning of agriculture, fields…
Patrones de evolución de filiales en entornos volátiles
2010
En este trabajo se aplican y se extienden los patrones de evolución de filiales planteados por Birkinshaw y Hood, al estudiar la influencia de los entornos volátiles sobre los procesos de evolución de las filiales de empresas multinacionales. Utilizando una metodología cualitativa a través de 41 estudios de casos de filiales de diversos sectores localizadas en Venezuela, se observó que las mismas siguen procesos conducentes a la mejora, el refuerzo y al declive de sus roles. En los resultados se identifican a la matriz y la propia filial como impulsores de esos procesos, pero se aprecia también al entorno local como determinante de la evolución de las filiales, con lo cual se extienden los …
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FISCAL REVENUES OF ROMANIA AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN THE LAST 12 YEARS
2018
The aim of this paper is to study and analyze the evolution of the Romanian fiscal pressure between 2006 and 2017, from a statistical point of view, and the main purpose is to highlight the correlation between fiscal revenues of Romania and gross domestic product. The first part of the paper is based on a comparative research into the level of taxation at the level of direct, indirect taxes and social contributions. This study seeks to highlight the impact of the Romanian fiscal pressure on the economy. The second part of the article seeks to see the correlation between fiscal revenues and gross domestic product (GDP), especially the impact of fiscal revenues on the growth or decline of GDP…