Search results for " fatty acid"
showing 10 items of 498 documents
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia microstegia Boiss. et Balansa growing wild in Lebanon.
2005
The essential oil of aerial parts of Salvia microstegia Boiss. et Balansa (Lamiaceae) growing wild in Lebanon was obtained by hydrodistillation and was analysed by GC and GC–MS. 70 compounds, representing 94.0% of the oil, were identified. The major components were caryophyllene oxide (6.2%), pulegone (5.7%), 4-vinylguaiacole (5.3%), hexadecanoic acid (5.1%) and menthone (4.9%). © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Gas chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectrometry of fatty acids: New Applications with a direct deposition interface
1998
Infrared spectroscopy is a suitable spectroscopic method to differentiate geometric Z and E isomers of unsaturated compounds. A direct-deposition Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), coupled to a gas chromatograph, was used successfully to analyze with a high sensitivity traces of C18:1 fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) isomers. It could also conclusively distinguish between isomers of conjugated diunsaturated FAME. The achievable sensitivity of this direct-deposition device makes possible accurate FAME mixture analyses that are not currently attainable with the more conventional light-pipe interface.
Identification and sensory evaluation of the character-impact compounds of goat cheese flavour
1996
1 SUMMARY The volatile compounds of various goat cheeses have been isolated in order to identify the character-impact odorants by a combination of instrumental analyses and sensory studies. Different extraction procedures have been studied in order to obtain a volatile fraction representative of the cheeses. The most representative extract, as determined by sensory evaluation, has been submitted to GC-MS and to GC-olfactometry, using the aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) method. The volatile fatty acids have been found to be the most important compounds for the characteristic goat flavour. Among them, branched-chain fatty acids ( e.g. , 4-methyloctanoic and 4-ethyloctanoic) have been f…
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in cultured cardiomyocytes : effect on physiology and beta-adrenoceptor function
1992
This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the membrane fatty acid composition on the basal electrical and contractile activities and the response to beta-adrenergic stimulation of rat cardiac muscle cells in culture. Cells were grown for 3 days in a conventional serum culture medium and then incubated for 24 h in synthetic media containing either n-6 or n-3 as the sole source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The n-6/n-3 ratio in the phospholipids was 0.9 in the n-3 cells and 13.1 in the n-6 cells compared with 6.3 in controls cells. Such modifications did not alter action potentials and the main parameters related to contraction, although shortening was slightly acce…
Wastewaters from citrus processing industry as natural biostimulants for soil microbial community
2020
Abstract Citrus fruit processing wastewaters (CWWs), being rich in organic matter, may be a valuable resource for agricultural irrigation and, possibly, for the improvement of soil organic carbon (TOC). This issue is becoming crucial for soils of arid and semiarid environments increasingly experiencing water scarcity and continuous decline of TOC towards levels insufficient to sustain crop production. However, before using CWWs in agriculture their effects on the soil living component have to be clarified. Therefore, in this study we assessed the impact of CWWs on soil chemical and biochemical properties. Under laboratory conditions, lemon, orange and tangerine wastewaters were separately a…
Multifunctional halloysite and hectorite catalysts for effective transformation of biomass to biodiesel
2023
Halloysite surface was modified with tetrabutylammonium iodide, and then the obtained nanomaterial was used as support for ZnO nanoparticles. After characterization, the nanomaterial was used as a catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) production. The recyclability of the nanomaterial was also investigated, and the optimization of reaction conditions by the design of experiments approach was performed as well. In addition, the synthesized nanomaterial was tested as a catalyst for FAME production from a series of waste lipids affording biodiesel in moderate to good yields (35–95%), depending on the matrix. To fully exploit the feasibility of clay minerals as catalysts in biodiesel for…
Changes in fatty acid compositions of total serum and lipoprotein particles, in growing rats given protein-deficient diets with either hydrogenated c…
1994
The present study examines the effects of dietary saturated (hydrogenated coconut oil) and polyunsaturated (salmon oil) fats on the composition and metabolism of lipoproteins in growing rats fed on protein-deficient diets. Four groups of rats were fed on the following diets for 28 d: 200 g casein+50 g coconut oil (COC)/kg, 20 g casein+50 g coconut oil (COd)/kg, 200 g casein + 50 g salmon oil (SAC)/kg, 20 g casein+50 g salmon oil (SAd)/kg. Both protein-deficient groups exhibited low concentrations of protein and triacylglycerol (in serum, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein-high-density lipoprotein, (LDL-HDL1) and HDL2-3), of cholesterol (in LDL-HDL1) and of phosphol…
Liver X receptor activation promotes polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in macrophages : relevance in the context of atherosclerosis
2015
Objective— Liver X receptors (LXRs) modulate cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis as well as inflammation. This study aims to decipher the role of LXRs in the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis in macrophages in the context of atherosclerosis. Approach and Results— Transcriptomic analysis in human monocytes and macrophages was used to identify putative LXR target genes among enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis. In parallel, the consequences of LXR activation or LXR invalidation on PUFA synthesis and distribution were determined. Finally, we investigated the impact of LXR activation on PUFA metabolism in vivo in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. mRNA levels of acyl…
Biodegradation of Synthetic Organic Compounds by Methanogenic Microbiome as an Alternative Approach for Wastewater Purification and Energy Production
2022
The use of fossil fuels (methane, oil, etc.) is undergoing an unprecedented crisis now. There is the urgent need to search for alternative energy sources. A wide range of degraded organic materials can be effectively used to provide energy together with environmental protection. Soapstock is a hazardous waste containing a high concentration of toxic organic compounds of man-made origin (fatty acids, surfactants, dyes, etc.). To prevent environmental contamination such substances require an effective treatment approach. The goal of the study was to isolate the adapted-to-fatty-acids methanogenic microbiome and investigate the patterns of sodium acetate and soapstock degradation with simultan…
Inferring phytoplankton community composition with a fatty acid mixing model
2015
The taxon specificity of fatty acid composition in algal classes suggests that fatty acids could be used as chemotaxonomic markers for phytoplankton composition. The applicability of phospholipid-derived fatty acids as chemotaxonomic markers for phytoplankton composition was evaluated by using a Bayesian fatty acid-based mixing model. Fatty acid profiles from monocultures of chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, diatoms, euglenoids, dinoflagellates, raphidophyte, cryptophytes and chrysophytes were used as a reference library to infer phytoplankton community composition in five moderately humic, large boreal lakes in three different seasons (spring, summer and fall). The phytoplankton community compo…