Search results for " finance"
showing 10 items of 2924 documents
La Banque centrale européenne : regards croisés, droit et économie
2015
International audience
L’euro, le bourdon et le banquier central
2016
International audience; Cet article s’interroge sur les raisons de la montée en puissance de la politique de communication des banques centrales, notamment celle de la BCE. Nous commençons par présenter les arguments mis en avant par la théorie économique standard, qui justifie à la fois l’indépendance des Banques Centrales (à l’égard du pouvoir politique) et le «gouvernement des anticipations» des agents économiques. Les thèmes de la transparence, de la crédibilité et de l’indépendance ont été associés au cours des années 1980, aboutissant à la nécessité de mettre en place des banquiers centraux «conservateurs», c’est-à-dire hostiles à l’inflation. Cette littérature a influencé les pratiqu…
« La Banque d’Angleterre et la City » ; « La Grande-Bretagne et son empire »
2014
National audience;
: The Place of the State in Africa according to the World Bank : limits of a neo-liberal policy
2005
This contribution aims to analyse the change in discourse held by the World Bank concerning the reform of the State in Africa in the educational sphere. After inspection, it emerges that despite new discourses on the "fight against poverty", the World Bank's neo-liberal policy still grants the State a minor role in the design and execution of educational policies. One would have thought of an evolution from the strict structural adjustment policies towards a policy of social adjustment where fundamental assets concerning the social field would be taken into account. That is not the case : the fight against poverty policy maintains the course of adjustment policies, by preserving a minimal s…
La Banque Mondiale et l'éducation, ou : est-il plus simple de construire de grands barrages que de petites écoles ?
2002
An indirect consequence of the economic globalisation is the questioning of the States as economic actors. In the context of developing countries, structural adjustment policies' constraint sometimes brutally destructured the educational systems. Reversibly, the social demand for education grew as the access to instruction was perceived as the most effective individualised strategy to escape underdevelopment. The international community quickly understood that such a degraded situation could only compromise the objective of education for all. The World Bank which was conscious of such problem as well as the economic inefficiency of many national educational systems decided to divert its act…
La Place de l'Etat en Afrique selon la Banque mondiale : De l'ajustement structurel à l'ajustement social. Les limites d'une politique néo-libérale «…
2007
07003 - 17 p.; Les Documents de travail de l'IREDU 2007/3; Cette contribution a pour objectif d'analyser le changement de discours que porte la Banque mondiale sur la réforme de l'État en Afrique, et ce dans la sphère éducative. Après examen, il ressort que malgré les nouveaux discours de « lutte contre la pauvreté », la politique néo-libérale de la Banque mondiale accorde à l'État une place toujours aussi mineure dans la conception et l'exécution des politiques éducatives. On aurait pu croire à la réalité d'une évolution de la politique d'ajustement structurel stricte vers une politique d'ajustement social où des acquis fondamentaux seraient pris en compte concernant le domaine social. Il …
Robots, labor markets, and universal basic income
2020
Automation is a big concern in modern societies in view of its widespread impact on many socioeconomic issues including income, jobs, and productivity. While previous studies have concentrated on determining the effects on jobs and salaries, our aim is to understand how automation affects productivity, and how some policies, such as taxes on robots or universal basic income, moderate or aggravate those effects. To this end, we have designed an experiment where workers make productive effort decisions, and managers can choose between workers and robots to do these tasks. In our baseline treatment, we measure the effort made by workers who may be replaced by robots, and also elicit firm repla…
The Impact of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on Township Hospitals' Utilization and Income Structure in Weifang Prefecture, China
2017
The New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme was gradually introduced from 2003 in China. This paper is based on a representative survey of 24 randomly selected township hospitals in Weifang prefecture over the period 2000-2008. Using a generalized form of differences-in-differences model, it aims to assess the effect of the reform on the utilization and income structure of the township hospitals. The estimations provide three main results linked to the effects of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on the behavior of the key stakeholders (households, health care providers and Health Bureau). Firstly, the reform had positive impacts on the utilization of township hospitals, particularly on…
Industrial organization with profit rate maximizing firms
1995
We study the impact on industrial organization of the switching of objective function, from pure profit to profit rate maximization. The output level of firm is lower at optimum. This lead to a new conception of efficiency. Cases of no coordination are considered. In perfect competition, price signal disappears; factors remain paid at their marginal productivity, but modified. In imperfect competition, reaction functions may vanish even if collusion remains possible; limit of oligopoly remains perfect competition of profit rate; the paradox of Bertrand may remain; a new concept is studied: mixed duopoly, where firms can choose and change their objective.