Search results for " formulation"

Introduction to Part IV

2018

When looking at the early development of relativity theory, one finds an astonishing number of contributions by mathematicians, some of which deeply influenced the work of leading theoretical physicists. Within the context of special relativity, Hermann Minkowski’s writings come immediately to mind (Walter 2008). Klein and Hilbert followed Minkowski’s ideas from their infancy, and both pursued some of their consequences after the latter’s premature death in January 1909. Two other figures with close ties to Gottingen, Max Born and Arnold Sommerfeld, were both instrumental in elaborating Minkowski’s 4-dimensional approach for physicists (Walter 2007). Born had been Minkowski’s assistant for …

Constructions of Nonagency in the Clients’ Initial Problem Formulations at the Outset of Psychotherapy

2019

This multiple case study investigated how clients construct nonagentic positions when formulating their problems in the beginning of their first psychotherapy session. The initial problem formulations of nine clients entering psychotherapy were analyzed with a detailed model drawing on discursive methodology, the 10 Discursive Tools model (10DT). We found ten problem formulation categories, each one distinguished by the tool from the 10DT model primarily used to construct nonagency. All clients gave several problem formulations from different categories and constructed nonagentic positions with a variety of discursive tools. When the resulting problem formulation categories were read in com…

Why small particle fixed dose triple therapy? An excursus from COPD pathology to pharmacological treatment evolution

2022

Although bronchodilators are the cornerstone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) therapy, the treatment with a single-agent bronchodilator may not provide adequate symptoms control in COPD. The combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action may be more effective in inducing bronchodilation and preventing exacerbations, with a lower risk of side-effects in comparison with the increase of the dose of a single molecule. Several studies comparing the triple therapy with the association of long-acting ß2 agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/LABA reported improvement of lung function and quality of life. A significant reduc…

A Path-Integral Approach to the Cameron-Martin-Maruyama-Girsanov Formula Associated to a Bilaplacian

2012

We define the Wiener product on a bosonic Connes space associated to a Bilaplacian and we introduce formal Wiener chaos on the path space. We consider the vacuum distribution on the bosonic Connes space and show that it is related to the heat semigroup associated to the Bilaplacian. We deduce a Cameron-Martin quasi-invariance formula for the heat semigroup associated to the Bilaplacian by using some convenient coherent vector. This paper enters under the Hida-Streit approach of path integral.

Chromatographic multivariate quality control of pharmaceuticals giving strongly overlapped peaks based on the chromatogram profile

2004

In the present paper, the simultaneous quantification of two analytes showing strongly overlapped chromatographic peaks (alpha = 1.02), under the assumption that both available equipment and training of the laboratory staff are basic, is studied. A pharmaceutical preparation (Mutabase) containing two drugs of similar physicochemical properties (amitriptyline and perphenazine) is selected as case of study. The assays are carried out under realistic working conditions (i.e. routine testing laboratories). Uncertainty considerations are introduced in the study. A partial least squares model is directly applied to the chromatographic data (with no previous signal transformation) to perform quali…

Dual gauge-fixing property of the S matrix.

1996

The {ital S} matrix is known to be independent of the gauge-fixing parameter to all orders in perturbation theory. In this paper by employing the pinch technique we prove at one loop a stronger version of this independence. In particular, we show that one can use a gauge-fixing parameter for the gauge bosons inside quantum loops which is different from that used for the bosons outside loops, and the {ital S} matrix is independent of both. Possible phenomenological applications of this result are briefly discussed. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

Developing the Framed Standard Model

2011

The framed standard model (FSM) suggested earlier, which incorporates the Higgs field and 3 fermion generations as part of the framed gauge theory structure, is here developed further to show that it gives both quarks and leptons hierarchical masses and mixing matrices akin to what is experimentally observed. Among its many distinguishing features which lead to the above results are (i) the vacuum is degenerate under a global $su(3)$ symmetry which plays the role of fermion generations, (ii) the fermion mass matrix is "universal", rank-one and rotates (changes its orientation in generation space) with changing scale $\mu$, (iii) the metric in generation space is scale-dependent too, and in …

Towards leading isospin breaking effects in mesonic masses with $O(a)$ improved Wilson fermions

2017

We present an exploratory study of leading isospin breaking effects in mesonic masses using $O(a)$ improved Wilson fermions. Isospin symmetry is explicitly broken by distinct masses and electric charges of the up and down quarks. In order to be able to make use of existing isosymmetric QCD gauge ensembles we apply reweighting techniques. The path integral describing QCD+QED is expanded perturbatively in powers of the light quarks' mass deviations and the electromagnetic coupling. We employ QED$_{\mathrm{L}}$ as a finite volume formulation of QED.

Path Integrals in Noncommutative Geometry

2006

Flavour Conservation in Two Higgs Doublet Models

2018

In extensions of the Standard Model with two Higgs doublets, flavour changing Yukawa couplings of the neutral scalars may be present at tree level. In this work we consider the most general scenario in which those flavour changing couplings are absent. We re-analyse the conditions that the Yukawa coupling matrices must obey for such \emph{general flavour conservation} (gFC), and study the one loop renormalisation group evolution of such conditions in both the quark and lepton sectors. We show that gFC in the leptonic sector is one loop stable under the Renormalization Group Evolution (RGE) and in the quark sector we present some new Cabibbo like solution also one loop RGE stable. At a pheno…