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showing 10 items of 868 documents
Cellular ionic alterations with age: relation to hypertension and diabetes.
2000
BACKGROUND: Cytosolic free calcium (Cai) and magnesium (Mgi) are vital to cellular homeostasis and function. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cellular divalent cations in normal subjects at different ages and their relationship to ion levels in essential hypertension and diabetes. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: A university hospital in New York. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 103 subjects (32 older, 71.1 ± 1.2 y/o, and 71 young/middle aged subjects, 51.1 ± 2.3 y/o). INTERVENTION: Oral glucose tolerance test. MEASUREMENTS: 19F and 31P NMR spectroscopy were used to measure Cai and Mgi levels in erythrocytes from normal (>65 y/o, n = 11; 65 y/o, n = 9; 65 y/o, n = 12; <65 y/o, n = 15) subjects; the…
Phenotyping of type 2 diabetes mellitus at onset on the basis of fasting incretin tone: Results of a two-step cluster analysis.
2015
Aims/Introduction According to some authors, in type 2 diabetes there is a reduced postprandial action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). However, little is known about the role of fasting incretins in glucose homeostasis. Our aim was to evaluate, through a two-step cluster analysis, the possibility of phenotyping patients with type 2 diabetes at onset on the basis of fasting GLP-1, GIP and ghrelin. Materials and Methods A total of 96 patients with type 2 diabetes within 6 months of onset (mean age 62.40 ± 6.36 years) were cross-sectionally studied. Clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were evaluated. At fasting the follow…
The neuropeptide 26RFa (QRFP) is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis and its activity is markedly altered in obese/hyperglycemic mice
2019
International audience; Recent studies have shown that the hypothalamic neuropeptide 26RFa regulates glucose homeostasis by acting as an incretin, and increasing insulin sensitivity. In this study, we further characterized the role of the 26RFa/GPR103 peptidergic system in the global regulation of glucose homeostasis using a 26RFa receptor antagonist, and also assessed whether a dysfunction of the 26RFa/GPR103 system occurs in obese hyperglycemic mice. Firstly, we demonstrate that administration of the GPR103 antagonist reduces the global glucose-induced incretin effect and insulin sensitivity whereas, conversely, administration of exogenous 26RFa attenuates glucose-induced hyperglycemia. U…
Natural products for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2015
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. High blood sugar can produce long-term complications such as cardiovascular and renal disorders, retinopathy, and poor blood flow. Its development can be prevented or delayed in people with impaired glucose tolerance by implementing lifestyle changes or the use of therapeutic agents. Some of these drugs have been obtained from plants or have a microbial origin, such as galegine isolated from Galega officinalis, which has a great similarity to the antidiabetic drug metformin. Picnogenol, acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose are other antidiabetic products of natural origin. This review compiles the princi…
ENDOCRINE SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS: Effects of anti-cancer targeted therapies on lipid and glucose metabolism
2014
During the past years, targeted therapies for cancer have been developed using drugs that have significant metabolic consequences. Among them, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and, to a much lesser extent, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are involved. mTOR plays a key role in the regulation of cell growth as well as lipid and glucose metabolism. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors is associated with a significant increase in plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. mTOR inhibitors seem to increase plasma triglycerides by reducing the activity of the lipoprotein lipase which is in charge of the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The increase in LDL cholesterol…
Analysis of Profiles of Family Educational Situations during COVID-19 Lockdown in the Valencian Community (Spain)
2022
Due to the pandemic (COVID-19), the education system in Spain was forced to close for three months, creating an unprecedented situation: improvised distance schooling. Family characteristics and their life situations with Information and Communication Technology use would be aspects to be studied as educational conditioning factors. This paper presents the ways in which a representative sample of families in the Valencian Community (Spain) assumed the education of their children during the lockdown. Mixed methods (quantitative -surveys-/qualitative -focus groups-) are used. Multivariate profiles are studied (k-means cluster) that summarise the life circumstances, represented by composite in…
Calcium Metabolism in the Elderly
1998
Mineral homeostasis represents one of the multiple areas at risk in the elder population. This includes the ion calcium, which is the most abundant inorganic element in the human body and an essential key for many physiologic processes (1).
Calcium Absorption in Health and Disease
1972
Calcium (Ca) metabolism and intestinal Ca absorption have attracted special attention ever since the discovery of vitamin D and the definition of the clinical entities of disturbances of Ca homeostasis in the first three decades of this century. Since then, many details of Ca transport and vitamin D metabolism have accumulated, but only in very recent years have new ideas and findings brought about rapid progress in this field. There is now a startling activity in the investigation of the physiology and pathogenesis of vitamin D and Ca metabolism.
Á la memoria de Calderón de la Barca en su segundo centenario (1881) : La Universidad de Valencia
1881
"Recuerdo [de] la Universidad de Valencia a los alumnos ... y á los concurrentes a la ... sesion literaria celebrada ... por la Universidad, el Ateneo científico y literario, el Instituto de segunda enseñanza, la Academia y Escuela de Bellas Artes y el Conservatorio de música" La vida es sueño
Circuit Specific Functions of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in the Balance of Investigatory Drive and Exploration
2011
Well balanced novelty seeking and exploration are fundamental behaviours for survival and are found to be dysfunctional in several psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggest that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is an important control system for investigatory drive. Pharmacological treatment of rodents with cannabinergic drugs results in altered social and object investigation. Interestingly, contradictory results have been obtained, depending on the treatment, drug concentration and experimental conditions. The cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor, a central component of the eCB system, is predominantly found at the synapses of two opposing neuronal populations, i.e. on inhibitory GABAerg…