Search results for " incentives."
showing 9 items of 29 documents
Current economic downturn and supply chain: The significance of demand and inventory smoothing
2014
The aim of this article is to analyse and quantify the effects of demand and inventory smoothing into supply-chain performance, facing the extreme volatility and impetuous alteration of the market produced by the current economic recession. To do so, we model a traditional serial three-stage supply chain and we test five settings of order smoothing under two shocks in the market demand, and we measure effects in terms of internal process benefits and customer service level of all supply chain partners. Results show that the implementation of this inventory strategy should be based on reward schemes; in fact a higher level of smoothing can generally improve the performance of the upstream st…
How is the spread of the Electric Vehicles?
2015
Many automotive manufacturers are investing heavily in Electric Vehicle (EV) design and manufacturing. Governments and other public sector bodies are making significant investments in the development of EVs and introducing various tax credits, incentives and subsidies. In addition, energy companies and other industries have set their sights on electric vehicles. In particular, EV development is being strongly fueled by consumer demand stemming from economic and environmental factors. The scope of this work is to present a representation of the spread of EVs in some European countries, in order to address an integration of green energy with recharge of EVs with particular attention for Italy…
Goals and guesses as reference points: a field experiment on student performance
2022
In this paper, we study overconfidence and goal-setting in academic performance, with and without monetary incentives. Students enrolled in a microeconomics course were offered the possibility of setting their own target grade before taking part in the final exam. They were also asked to guess their grade immediately after they had taken the exam (“post-diction”). In general, students overestimated their performance, both at the goal-setting and at the post-diction stages. Controlling for several sources of this bias (cognitive abilities, academic record and self-reported academic confidence), we find that the use of monetary rewards mitigates the overestimation of potential achievements an…
Are you a Good Employee or Simply a Good Guy? Infl?uence Costs and Contract Design.
2012
We develop a principal-agent model with a moral hazard problem in which the principal has access to a hard signal (the level of output) and a soft signal (the supervision signal) about the agent?s level of effort. We show that the agent?'s ability to manipulate the soft signal increases the cost of implementing the effcient equilibrium, leading to wage compression when the infl?uence cost is privately incurred by the agent. When manipulation activities negatively affect the agent?s productivity through the level of output, the design of infl?uence-free contracts that deter manipulation may lead to high-powered incentives. This result implies that high-productivity workers face incentive sch…
El control en las empresas de trabajo asociado. Revisión crítica, desde una perspectiva de agencia, de los principales mecanismos de control, y análi…
2002
This paper analyses the repercussions of the institutional aspects of co-operatives in the decision making process, in arranging the incentive system for members, and discretionary behaviour among management. From a comparative analysis of capitalistic companies, the paper studies the nature of the hierarchical relationships present in co-operatives and reviews the control mechanisms available to them, with special emphasis on the board of directors. At the same time, lines of action are proposed that favour efficient control and reconcile the requirements of co-operative enterprises with their attributes as institutions.
Exploring why global health needs are unmet by research efforts: the potential influences of geography, industry and publication incentives
2020
[Background]: It has been well established that research is not addressing health needs in a balanced way — much more research is conducted on diseases with more burden in high-income countries than on those with more burden in lower-income countries. In this study, we explore whether these imbalances persist and inquire about the possible influence of three factors, namely geography, industry and publication incentives.
Il sostegno pubblico alle imprese, oggi
2021
L’obiettivo del contributo è quello di indagare il variegato e complesso sistema del sostegno pubblico alle imprese. In questa ottica, innanzitutto si prende in considerazione l’impatto delle crisi economiche sulle politiche di ausilio pubblico alle attività produttive. Successivamente si descrivono gli elementi di contesto con cui le politiche di incentivazione dei poteri pubblici devono fare i conti, ossia le sfide della globalizzazione economica e il quadro di regolazione dell’Unione europea, con il ruolo preminente che può essere svolto dagli istituti nazionali di promozione. Si analizzano, poi, le agevolazioni per la creazione di imprese e i meccanismi e le procedure per facilitare l’i…
The efficiency of the incentives for the public buildings’ energy retrofit. The case of the Italian Regions of the “Objective Convergence”
2017
Gli obiettivi di riduzione del consumo energetico e delle emissioni di gas serra, enunciati in molte Direttive europee, hanno posto in risalto la necessità di promuovere interventi di miglioramento dell’efficienza energetica del patrimonio edilizio esistente. Le amministrazioni locali, in particolare, dovrebbero assumersi la responsabilità di diffondere la cultura ambientale anche effettuando interventi di retrofit negli edifici pubblici di loro proprietà, sulla base di diagnosi energetiche degli edifici, di proposte progettuali e di verifiche del raggiungimento della convenienza finanziaria, che può essere agevolata dall’erogazione di incentivi. L’Unione Province d’Italia (UPI) nel 2013, n…
Bodźce pozacenowe w kontraktach rolnych. Powiązania umowne między grupami producentów rolnych a ich pierwszymi odbiorcami w Polsce
2018
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja stosowanych bodźców pozacenowych w umowach rolnych, które mogłyby potencjalnie skłaniać agenta do działania zgodnego z interesem kontraktora. Zastosowanie tego typu zachęt może potencjalnie minimalizować problem pokusy nadużycia ze strony agenta jeszcze w trakcie jej obowiązywania, tj. w trakcie produkcji rolnej. Dla realizacji założonego celu wykorzystano badanie własne z użyciem ankiety. Badanie empiryczne przeprowadzono wśród grup producentów rolnych działających na rynku drobiu, a przedmiotem badań były kontrakty rolne podpisane w 2014 roku. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań zidentyfikowano bodźce pozacenowe, które mają pomóc monitorować i łagodzić pr…