Search results for " income"
showing 10 items of 340 documents
When Violence Can Appear With Different Male Partners: Identification of Resilient and Non-resilient Women in the European Union
2018
Introduction: Little scholarly attention has been paid to the analysis of the history of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women with different male partners and how it could be related to levels of IPV with the current male partner. From this point of view, been a victim of IPV could increase the vulnerability of women and, therefore, exert a negative influence on the selection of partners over time, thus increasing the odds of potentially mating with abusive male partners. Alternatively, for some women victims of IPV in previous relationships, there may be additional resources that reduce their vulnerability to victimization by new partners. Methodology: The present study analyzes l…
Is loneliness associated with mild cognitive impairment in low- and middle-income countries?
2021
Background: Loneliness may be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment but studies on this topic are scarce, particularly from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between loneliness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa). Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were conducted t…
“Piero Sraffa’s Lectures on the Advanced Theory of Value 1928 - 1931 and the rediscovery of the classical approach”
2005
Sraffa's Lectures on the Advanced Theory of Value 1928–1931 and his two preparatory Notes of summer and November 1927 provide a wealth of material, up to now unpublished, for a reconstruction of the early stage of his inquiry into the cognate fields of pure economic theory and its history. The three manuscripts show that in the late 1920s Sraffa rejected the Marshallian constant-cost interpretation of classical economics, an interpretation to which he had adhered in his 1925 and 1926 papers. Moreover, in the Lectures, Sraffa presents for the first time his own interpretation of classical economics based on the concepts of surplus, physical real costs and asymmetric treatment of distributive…
Política económica y redistribución: hacia una nueva arquitectura “pre-distributiva” de la política de rentas
2020
El presente trabajo diseña una política de rentas que podríamos llamar “pre-distributiva”. Su principal objetivo es describir la arquitectura de una política de rentas amplia, que tendría, básicamente, tres pilares: a) el reforzamiento de la capacidad redistributiva de la negociación colectiva, b) el establecimiento de una “norma salarial redistributiva” coordinada a nivel europeo y c) el aumento del Salario Mínimo Interprofesional. Dicha política de rentas podría contribuir a una distribución más equitativa de las rentas primarias del trabajo.
European Integration and Inequality among Countries: A Lifecycle Income Analysis
2012
We analyze the effects of the expansions of the European Union on inequality using an approach based on individuals' lifecycle incomes. This allows us to consider the effect of different rates of growth and survival rates. This differs form the usual analyses of inequality that focus on the evolution of current per capita income for the period. Our results show that inequality in terms of permanent income was substantially less than in current per capita income at the time of all the expansions except those of the last ten years. The results point to the key role of policies that stimulate growth in the less developed countries. With an annual β-convergence of 2% in current income, inequali…
A global perspective on effectiveness of aid for trade
2013
Recent global initiatives on debt relief and development assistance call for increasing aid for trade to the poorest countries. The paper applies a multi-country computable general equilibrium model to measure the effectiveness of alternative aid for trade categories. The findings show that aid for trade policies expand trade and alleviate international income inequalities in the recipient countries, that will benefit mainly from aid for trade adjustment and technical assistance.
Progressive consumption tax, minimum consumption, and inequality
2020
Abstract In this note, we study the effects of a progressive consumption tax on wealth and consumption inequality in a model economy featuring minimum consumption. We show that increasing the lower and upper bounds of the progressive tax rate reduces wealth and consumption inequality in the long run but is not sufficient. The lower and upper bounds must not exceed the thresholds, which are decreasing functions of minimum consumption. The result is useful for empirical studies of the redistribution of wealth and consumption.
Frank H. Knight on social values in economic consumption: an archival note
2020
We reproduce an unpublished address on “Social Values in Economic Consumption” which Knight prepared for a SSRC Conference in June 1931. This material sheds new light on Knight in two respects. First, anticipating what is known as the relative income hypothesis, Knight indicated that a general increase in income, not only leaves the individual’s relative position in society unaltered but makes her/his situation worse off due to the peculiar characteristics of the market for “personal services.” Second, this address provides further evidence of how, in spite of some substantial methodological differences, Knight’s research interests converged with those of the institutionalists.
Frank H. Knight on Social Values in Economic Consumption. An Archival Note
2020
This note reproduces an unpublished paper on "Social Values in Economic Consumption" which Knight prepared for the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) Summer Conference, on Nantucket, Massachusetts in June 1931. This paper sheds new light on Knight in two important respects. First, it presents, in a more systematic fashion, Knight’s criticism of what he perceived to be the then standard theory of consumption. Specifically, Knight argued that an individual's consumption is dictated more by his income in relation to others than by mere utility maximization — a notion now commonly known as relative income hypothesis. In this connection, Knight also pointed out that a general increase in inc…
Segmentación del turista deportivo: el caso del espectador de la Fórmula 1
2021
El trabajo pretende identificar grupos de turistas de un evento deportivo, el GP Europa de Fórmula 1, con relación a su motivación para el consumo deportivo y características básicas que definen dichos grupos para conocer los perfiles de turista de un gran evento deportivo. Para caracterizar a los sujetos se utilizó el análisis clúster con una muestra de 148 asistentes al evento, turistas nacionales e internacionales. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la existencia de cuatro grupos de sujetos bien definidos: los sociales (formado por los que obtienen fuertes connotaciones sociales asistiendo al evento, el 17,6% de la muestra), los ostentosos (son el 17,5% de la muestra, que sin una motivaci…