Search results for " infectious disease"

showing 10 items of 167 documents

Highlights of the São Paulo ISEV workshop on extracellular vesicles in cross-kingdom communication

2017

In the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become an important field of research since EVs have been found to play a central role in biological processes. In pathogens, EVs are involved in several events during the host–pathogen interaction, including invasion, immunomodulation, and pathology as well as parasite–parasite communication. In this report, we summarised the role of EVs in infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths based on the talks and discussions carried out during the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) workshop held in São Paulo (November, 2016), Brazil, entitled Cross-organism Communication by Extracellular Vesicles:…

0301 basic medicineHistologyOtras Ciencias Biológicas030106 microbiologyINTERAÇÃO CELULARBiologyMeeting Reportinfectious diseasesExtracellular vesiclesArticleMicrobiology//purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https]Ciencias Biológicas03 medical and health sciencesparasitic diseaseslcsh:QH573-671//purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https]lcsh:Cytologycell communicationpathogensCell BiologyExtracellular vesiclesCell biology030104 developmental biologycell communication; Extracellular vesicles; infectious diseases; isolation; pathogens; Histology; Cell BiologyisolationCIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
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Phage Biodiversity in Artisanal Cheese Wheys Reflects the Complexity of the Fermentation Process

2017

Dairy fermentations constitute a perfect “breeding ground” for bacteriophages infecting starter cultures, particularly strains of Lactococcus lactis. In modern fermentations, these phages typically belong to one of three groups, i.e., the 936, P335, and c2 phage groups. Traditional production methods present fewer chemical and physical barriers to phage proliferation compared to modern production systems, while the starter cultures used are typically complex, variable, and undefined. In the current study, a variety of cheese whey, animal-derived rennet, and vat swab samples from artisanal cheeses produced in Sicily were analysed for the presence of lactococcal phages to assess phage div…

0301 basic medicineHot TemperaturevirusesLactococcusLactococcu030106 microbiologylcsh:QR1-502Bacteriophage; Cheese; Dairy fermentation; Infection; Lactococcus lactis; Animals; Bacteriophages; Cheese; Fermentation; Genetic Variation; Genome Bacterial; Hot Temperature; Lactococcus; Microbial Viability; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis DNA; Sicily; Whey; Biodiversity; Infectious Diseases; VirologyInfectious Diseasebacteriophage; <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>; dairy fermentation; cheese; infectionArticlelcsh:MicrobiologyDairy fermentationMicrobiologyBacteriophageSettore AGR/17 - Zootecnica Generale E Miglioramento Genetico03 medical and health sciencesStarterCheesePhylogeneticsWheyVirologyLactococcusAnimalsBacteriophagesFood scienceLactococcus lactiBacteriophageSicilyPhylogenyGenetic diversityMicrobial ViabilitybiologyAnimalLactococcus lactisGenetic VariationSequence Analysis DNABiodiversitybiology.organism_classificationLactococcus lactisInfectious DiseasesFermentationFermentationRennetInfectionGenome BacterialSettore AGR/16 - Microbiologia AgrariaViruses
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Efficacy and tolerability of switching to a dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with HIV-1 RNA ≤50 cp/…

2017

Background: Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) toxicity may represent a threat for long-term success of combined antiretroviral therapy. Some studies have suggested a possible improvement of NRTI-related toxicity after switching to NRTI-sparing regimens. Objectives: We aimed to explore the efficacy and tolerability of switching to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) while having a viral load (VL) ≤50 copies/mL in the clinical setting. Study design: Treatment-experienced HIV 1-infected patients enrolled in the ICONA Foundation Study cohort were included if they switched their current regimen to DRV/r + RAL with a HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL. Different defin…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV InfectionsAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Darunavir; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Viral; Raltegravir Potassium; Ritonavir; Viral LoadGastroenterologyCohort StudiesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability0302 clinical medicineMedicineNRTI-sparing regimen030212 general & internal medicineViralDarunavireducation.field_of_studyLamivudineGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedViral LoadTolerabilityAntiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCombinationRNA ViralDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleViral loadmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyEfficacyAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyPopulationDarunavir/ritonavir; Raltegravir; Efficacy; Tolerability; Antiretroviral therapy; NRTI-sparing regimenSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVELower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineRaltegravir PotassiumHumanseducationDarunavirRitonavirbusiness.industryDarunavir/ritonavirRaltegravirRaltegravirHIV-1RNARitonavirbusinessAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability;
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Is prolonged infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients associated with improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic an…

2016

Objectives: We utilized the database of the Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive care unit patients (DALI) study to statistically compare the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical outcomes between prolonged- infusion and intermittent-bolus dosing of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in critically ill patients using inclusion criteria similar to those used in previous prospective studies. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicentre pharmacokinetic point-prevalence study (DALI), which recruited a large cohort of critically ill patients from 68 ICUs across 10 countries. Results: Of the 211 patients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem in the DAL…

0301 basic medicineMalePenicillanic Acidintensive care unitlaw.inventionthienamycin derivative abdominal infection[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseaseslawcentral nervous system infectioncreatinine clearancePharmacology (medical)Infusions IntravenouProspective StudiesInfusions IntravenousProspective cohort studyTazobactam Drug CombinationAged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Chemical Analysis; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Infusions Intravenous; Intensive Care Units; Male; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Piperacillin Tazobactam Drug Combination; Prospective Studies; Thienamycins; Treatment Outcome; Pharmacology; Microbiology (medical); Pharmacology (medical); Infectious Diseasescritical illneMicrobial Sensitivity TestadultRespiratory infectionclinical trialMiddle Agedcontinuous infusionanalogs and derivativeIntensive care unit3. Good healthAnti-Bacterial Agentsantiinfective agentintravenous drug administrationIntensive Care Units[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and ParasitologyTreatment OutcomeInfectious DiseasesPiperacillin/tazobactammulticenter study (topic)SOFA scoreFemaletreatment outcome AgedIntravenousprospective studyHumanmedicine.drugsurvival rateMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyInfusionspost hoc analysirespiratory tract infectionCritical IllnessAged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Chemical Analysis; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Infusions Intravenous; Intensive Care Units; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Prospective Studies; Thienamycins; Treatment Outcome; Pharmacology; Pharmacology (medical); Infectious Diseases030106 microbiologybloodstream infectionMicrobial Sensitivity Testsminimum inhibitory concentrationpiperacillin plus tazobactamMeropenemTazobactamArticle03 medical and health sciencescritically ill patientInternal medicineAnti-Bacterial AgentmedicineSequential Organ Failure Assessment ScoreHumansThienamycinsurvival timeblood analysiAgedPiperacillinPharmacologybusiness.industryBlood Chemical AnalysiMeropenemmajor clinical studySurgeryProspective Studiemulticenter studyPharmacology; Pharmacology (medical); Infectious Diseases[SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/PharmacologyThienamycinspiperacillin tazobactam drug combinationurinary tract infectionbusinessBlood Chemical AnalysisPiperacillin
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Evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance and viral subtypes circulation in Italy from 2006 to 2016

2018

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance (TDR) prevalence in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients from 2006 to 2016. Methods: HIV-1 sequences were retrieved from the Antiviral Response Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database and TDR was defined as detection of at least one mutation from the World Health Organization (WHO) surveillance list. Results: We included protease/reverse transcriptase sequences from 3573 patients; 455 had also integrase sequences. Overall, 68.1% of the patients were Italian, the median CD4 count was 348 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 169–521 cells/μL], and the median viral load was 4.7 log 10 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (IQR …

0301 basic medicineMaleantiretroviral therapy; HIV; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Viral Proteins; Drug Resistance Viralantiretroviral therapy; HIV; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance; Health Policy; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology (medical)Drug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistanceGastroenterologyInterquartile rangeOdds RatioPrevalenceHIV InfectionPharmacology (medical)ViralbiologyHealth PolicyMiddle AgedIntegraseInfectious DiseasesItalyFemaleViral loadHumanresistance epidemiologyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtytransmitted HIV drug resistanceAnti-HIV AgentsHIV; antiretroviral therapy; recent HIV infection; resistance epidemiology; transmitted HIV drug resistance030106 microbiologyantiretroviral therapySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEVirus03 medical and health sciencesrecent HIV infectionViral ProteinsInternal medicineDrug Resistance ViralmedicineViral ProteinHumansbusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentHIVOdds ratioReverse transcriptaseConfidence intervalCD4 Lymphocyte CountMutationbiology.proteinHIV-1business
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Fate-Mapping of GM-CSF Expression Identifies a Discrete Subset of Inflammation-Driving T Helper Cells Regulated by Cytokines IL-23 and IL-1β.

2019

Summary Pathogenic lymphocytes initiate the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (encoded by Csf2) is a key communicator between pathogenic lymphocytes and tissue-invading inflammatory phagocytes. However, the molecular properties of GM-CSF-producing cells and the mode of Csf2 regulation in vivo remain unclear. To systematically study and manipulate GM-CSF+ cells and their progeny in vivo, we generated a fate-map and reporter of GM-CSF expression mouse strain (FROG). We mapped the phenotypic and functional profile of auto-aggressive T helper (Th) cells during neuroinflammation and identified the signature and pa…

0301 basic medicineMalemedicine.medical_treatmentImmunologyInterleukin-1betaInflammation610 Medicine & health10071 Functional Genomics Center ZurichBiology10263 Institute of Experimental Immunology03 medical and health sciencesInterferon-gammaMice0302 clinical medicineFate mappingImmunopathologymedicineInterleukin 23Immunology and AllergyAnimalsReceptorNeuroinflammationReceptors CXCR6InflammationMice KnockoutReceptors Interleukin-1 Type I2403 ImmunologyTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor2725 Infectious DiseasesReceptors InterleukinTh1 CellsPhenotype3. Good healthCell biology10040 Clinic for NeurologyMice Inbred C57BL030104 developmental biologyInfectious DiseasesCytokine030220 oncology & carcinogenesis2723 Immunology and AllergyInterleukin-23 Subunit p19570 Life sciences; biologyTh17 CellsFemalemedicine.symptomImmunity
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Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica española en Enfermedades Infecciosas y en Microbiología.

2016

Resumen Introduccion El analisis bibliometrico de la produccion y repercusion de los documentos por areas de conocimiento es un indicador cuantitativo y cualitativo de la actividad investigadora realizada en ese campo. El objetivo de este articulo es conocer la contribucion de las instituciones espanolas a la investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas y en Microbiologia en los ultimos anos. Material y metodos Se analizaron los documentos publicados en las revistas incluidas en las categorias «Infectious Diseases» y «Microbiology» de la Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded) de la ISI Web of Knowledge desde el ano 2000 al 2013. Resultados En Enfermedades Infecciosas, Espana ocupo la…

0301 basic medicineMicrobiology (medical)03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicine030106 microbiology030212 general & internal medicineBibliometric analysis Enfermedades infecciosas España Estudio bibliométrico Infectious diseases Microbiology Microbiología Producción científica Scientific production Spain
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(1,3)-β-d-Glucan-based antifungal treatment in critically ill adults at high risk of candidaemia: an observational study.

2016

OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of a strategy that uses serum (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) results for antifungal treatment of ICU patients at high risk of invasive candidiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients admitted to the ICU from January 2012 to June 2014 were included if they exhibited sepsis at the time of BDG testing and they met Candida score components ≥3. A retrospective analysis of collected data was performed. RESULTS In total, 198 patients were studied. Of 63 BDG-positive patients, 47 with candidaemia and 16 with probable Candida infection, all [31.8% (63/198)] received antifungal therapy. Of 135 BDG-negative patients, 110 [55.5% (110/198)] did not receive antifungal therapy…

0301 basic medicineMicrobiology (medical)AntifungalAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAntifungal AgentsAntigens Fungalbeta-GlucansLetterAdolescentMedicine (all); Pharmacology; Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology (medical)medicine.drug_classCritical Illness030106 microbiologyAntifungal drugSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVESettore MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICAlaw.inventionSepsis03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultlawInternal medicineSepsismedicineHumansPharmacology (medical)Candidiasis InvasiveMedical prescriptionYoung adultCandidaAgedRetrospective StudiesPharmacologyAged 80 and overbusiness.industryMedicine (all)Retrospective cohort studyMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseIntensive care unitSurgeryInfectious DiseasesObservational studyFemaleProteoglycansbusinessThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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Fasciola hepatica eggs in paleofaeces of the Persian onager Equus hemionus onager, a donkey from Chehrabad archaeological site, dating back to the Sa…

2018

Fascioliasis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease caused by the liver trematodes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Within the multidisciplinary initiative against this disease, there is the aim of understanding how this disease reached a worldwide distribution, with important veterinary and medical repercussions, by elucidating the spreading steps followed by the two fasciolids from their paleobiogeograhical origins. Fasciola eggs were detected in paleofaeces of a donkey, probably the present-day endangered Persian onager Equus hemionus onager, found in the Chehrabad salt mine archaeological site, Zanjan province, northwestern Iran. The biological remains dated back to the Sassanid per…

0301 basic medicineMicrobiology (medical)Fascioliasis030231 tropical medicine610 Medicine & healthPersian onagerIranMicrobiology2726 Microbiology (medical)03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicine1311 GeneticsHepaticaparasitic diseasesGenetics1312 Molecular BiologyAnimalsDomesticationMolecular BiologyHistory AncientEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsMiddle EastFasciolabiologybusiness.industry2404 MicrobiologyEquidae2725 Infectious DiseasesFasciola hepatica030108 mycology & parasitologybiology.organism_classificationEquusArchaeologyHistory MedievalInfectious Diseases1105 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics11294 Institute of Evolutionary MedicineLivestockDonkeybusiness
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Molecular epidemiology of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from invasive infections in Italy: Increasing diversity with predominance of the ST512 …

2016

Objectives The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) represents one of the most worrisome problems for clinical medicine worldwide. In Italy, the Antibiotic-Resistance-Istituto Superiore di Sanita surveillance network, in collaboration with the Committee for Antimicrobial Agents of the Italian Society of Clinical Microbiologists, promoted a study to investigate the carbapenem-resistance mechanisms, clonal relatedness and capsular typing of a recent collection of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP). Methods A total of 17 laboratories distributed across Italy collected all consecutive non-replicate CR-KP isolated from invasive infections during two different s…

0301 basic medicineMicrobiology (medical)gelKlebsiella pneumoniaegenotype030106 microbiologyPopulationcross-sectional studiespulsed-fieldmultilocus sequence typingcross-sectional studies; electrophoresis gel pulsed-field; humans; italy; klebsiella infections; klebsiella pneumoniae; molecular epidemiology; multilocus sequence typing; serogroup; beta-lactamases; genetic variation; genotypeSettore BIO/19 - Microbiologia GeneraleCross-Sectional Studies; Electrophoresis Gel Pulsed-Field; Humans; Italy; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Molecular Epidemiology; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Serogroup; beta-Lactamases; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Pharmacology; Microbiology (medical); Pharmacology (medical); Infectious Diseasesmolecular epidemiologylaw.inventionMicrobiologybeta-Lactamasebeta-lactamases03 medical and health scienceslawGenotypeitalyPulsed-field gel electrophoresisPharmacology (medical)TypingeducationhumansPolymerase chain reactionPharmacologyCross-Sectional Studieeducation.field_of_studybiologyMolecular epidemiologybiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionbiology.organism_classificationSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinicabacterial infections and mycosesVirologyElectrophoresis Gel Pulsed-Fieldklebsiella pneumoniaeCross-Sectional Studies; Electrophoresis Gel Pulsed-Field; Humans; Italy; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Molecular Epidemiology; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Serogroup; beta-Lactamases; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Pharmacology; Pharmacology (medical); Infectious DiseasesInfectious Diseasesklebsiella infectionselectrophoresisgenetic variationMultilocus sequence typingserogroupHumanKlebsiella Infection
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