Search results for " inflammation."

The value of neutrophil and lymphocyte count in frail older women.

2013

Increasing evidence suggests that systemic inflammation is associated with many pathophysiological processes including frailty in older adults. We evaluated the relationships between white blood cell subtypes, geriatric assessment, and frailty syndrome and in particular, how they correlate with individual frailty criteria (involuntary loss of weight, low energy or exhaustion, slow mobility, muscle weakness, and low physical activity) in frail older women. There was a significant and positive correlation between the frailty score and neutrophil count, but a significantly negative correlation was found when this score was compared to the lymphocyte count. These associations were significant o…

Magnesium and type 2 diabetes.

2015

Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with both extracellular and intracellular magnesium (Mg) deficits. A chronic latent Mg deficit or an overt clinical hypomagnesemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with poorly controlled glycemic profiles. Insulin and glucose are important regulators of Mg metabolism. Intracellular Mg plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose-uptake and vascular tone. Reduced intracellular Mg concentrations result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity, postreceptorial impairment in insulin action and worsening of insulin resistance in diabetic patients. A low Mg intake and an increased Mg urinary loss app…

Methylprednisolone prevents nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia in neprilysin knockout mice.

2013

The pathophysiology of the complex regional pain syndrome involves enhanced neurogenic inflammation mediated by neuropeptides. Neutral endopeptidase (neprilysin, NEP) is a key enzyme in neuropeptide catabolism. Our previous work revealed that NEP knock out (ko) mice develop more severe hypersensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve than wild-type (wt) mice. Because treatment with glucocorticoids is effective in early complex regional pain syndrome, we investigated whether methylprednisolone (MP) reduces pain and sciatic nerve neuropeptide content in NEP ko and wt mice with nerve injury. After CCI, NEP ko mice developed more se…

β2 long-acting and anticholinergic drugs control TGF-β1-mediated neutrophilic inflammation in COPD

2012

AbstractWe quantified TGF-β1 and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations in induced sputum supernatants (ISSs) from 18 healthy controls (HC), 22 healthy smokers (HS) and 21 COPDs. ISSs from HC, HS and COPD as well as rhTGF-β1 were also tested in neutrophil adhesion and in mAChR2, mAChR3 and ChAT expression experiments in human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE). Finally, we evaluated the effects of Olodaterol (a novel inhaled β2-adrenoceptor agonist) and Tiotropium Spiriva®, alone or in combination, on neutrophil adhesion and mAChRs and ChAT expression in stimulated 16-HBE. The results showed that 1) TGF-β1 and ACh concentrations are increased in ISSs from COPD in comparison to HC and HS, and T…

Manifesto on small airway involvement and management in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an Interasma (Global Asthma Association - G…

2016

International audience; Evidence that enables us to identify, assess, and access the small airways in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has led INTERASMA (Global Asthma Association) and WAO to take a position on the role of the small airways in these diseases. Starting from an extensive literature review, both organizations developed, discussed, and approved the manifesto, which was subsequently approved and endorsed by the chairs of ARIA and GA2LEN. The manifesto describes the evidence gathered to date and defines and proposes issues on small airway involvement and management in asthma and COPD with the aim of challenging assumptions, fostering commitment, and bringin…

Role of non cholinergic system components in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps

2010

The Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme and its product Acetylcholine (ACh) are classically components of the cholinergic system, however recent data clearly demonstrated their potential role in the bronchial airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to identify whether ChAT, Muscarinic receptor M3 and ACh are involved in the nasal airway inflammation of subjects with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CR) and Nasal polyps (common in many patients with CR). We collected nasal specimens from normal subjects, from allergic patients with CR (ACR) and from ACR and nasal polyps. Fragments from surgical biopsies were extracted for both total mRNA and total proteins to analyse the levels of ChAT and…

Cover Feature: Total Synthesis of a Partial Structure from Arabinogalactan and Its Application for Allergy Prevention (Chem. Eur. J. 3/2021)

2020

Role of non cholinergic system components in Chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polips

2010

Mucosal immunoregulation: transcription factors as possible therapeutic targets.

2005

Much progress has been recently made with regard to our understanding of the mucosal immune system in health and disease. In particular, it has been shown that uncontrolled mucosal immune responses driven by lymphocytes or non-lymphoid cells may lead to immunological diseases such as allergy, hypersensitivity and inflammation. Thus, a more detailed understanding of mucosal immune regulation and decision making at mucosal surfaces is essential for a better understanding of mucosal immune responses in health and disease. Antigen presenting cells and T lymphocytes play a key role in controlling mucosal immune responses. To deal with this key task, T helper cells differentiate into functionally…

Epileptic seizures as a manifestation of cow's milk allergy: a studied relationship and description of our pediatric experience

2014

Adverse reactions after ingestion of cow's milk proteins can occur at any age, from birth and even amongst exclusively breast-fed infants, although not all of these are hypersensitivity reactions. The most common presentations related to cow's milk protein allergy are skin reactions, failure to thrive, anaphylaxis as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. In addition, several cases of cow's milk protein allergy in the literature have documented neurological involvement, manifesting with convulsive seizures in children. This may be due to CNS spread of a peripheral inflammatory response. Furthermore, there is evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for disruptin…