Search results for " inhalation"
showing 10 items of 231 documents
Analysis of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in lung transplantation: correlation with nitric oxide administration.
2008
Introduction and Objectives. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) following lung transplantation (LT) is associated with an activation of the inflammatory cascade and release of cytokines. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) provides specific pulmonary vasodilatation and improves oxygenation. Our objective was to verify whether administering iNO to LT patients modified the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 levels in the event of PGD. Materials and Methods. Thirty-two LT patients were randomized to the iNO treatment or the control group. Patients in the first group were given 10 ppm of iNO from the start of LT until 48 hours afterward. BAL and peripheral arterial blood sampl…
Humidity of Anaesthetic Gases with Respect to Low Flow Anaesthesia
1994
It has been demonstrated in an experimental study in swine using the scanning electron microscope that a rebreathing technique utilising minimal fresh gas flowrates significantly improves climatization of anaesthetic gases. Consequently, effects of various anaesthetic techniques on airway climate must be assessed, which covers the need for suitable measuring devices. Basic principles and methods of humidity measurement in flowing anaesthetic gases include gravimetric hygrometry, dew point hygrometry, wet-dry bulb psychrometry, mass spectrometry, spectroscopic hygrometry and electrical hygrometry. A custom-made apparatus for continuous measurement of humidity and temperature in the inspired…
Normal and abnormal pulmonary ventilation: visualization at hyperpolarized He-3 MR imaging.
1996
To assess the feasibility of helium-3 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence, He-3 gas (volume, 300 mL; pressure, 3 x 10(5) Pa; polarized up to 45% by means of optimal pumping) was inhaled by five healthy volunteers and five patients with pulmonary diseases. All breath-hold examinations (22-42 seconds) were completed successfully. Normal ventilation was depicted with homogeneous high signal intensity, lesions were depicted as causing defects, and obstructive lung disease was depicted with severely inhomogeneous signal intensity.
What proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatients is eligible for inclusion in randomized clinical trials?
2013
<b><i>Background and Objective:</i></b> We aimed to explore to what extent an unselected population of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatients would be eligible for inclusion in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective analysis of the clinical records of outpatient subjects with an ascertained diagnosis of COPD. COPD outpatients were assessed against the following inclusion criteria: 40 < age < 80 years, current or former smokers, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) <70% predicted, no long-term oxygen therapy, no other concomitant lung diseases and …
Tralokinumab did not demonstrate oral corticosteroid-sparing effects in severe asthma
2018
Long-term oral corticosteroid (OCS) use in patients with severe asthma is associated with significant adverse effects.This 40-week, randomised, double-blind trial evaluated the OCS-sparing potential of tralokinumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma requiring maintenance OCS treatment plus inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β2-agonists. Overall, 140 patients were randomised to tralokinumab 300 mg or placebo (n=70 in each group) administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks. The primary end-point was percentage change from baseline in average OCS dose at week 40, while maintaining asthma control. Secondary end-points included proportion of patients with a prescribed maintenance OCS do…
Impact of hypertonic saline nebulisation combined with oscillatory positive expiratory pressure on sputum expectoration and related symptoms in cysti…
2018
Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of combining nebulised hyaluronic acid plus hypertonic saline (HA + HS) with oscillatory positive expiratory pressure (oscillatory-PEP) on sputum expectoration and related symptoms in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Design Randomised crossover trial. Setting Seven centres. Participants Twenty-two outpatients with CF. Interventions Usual care (HA + HS followed by autogenic drainage) and combined therapy (HA + HS with oscillatory-PEP followed by autogenic drainage]. Each treatment was performed for 5 days. Main outcome measures Sputum expectoration was measured during the nebulisation period (primary outcome), during autogenic drainage and for 24 ho…
The Effects of Isoflurane and Desflurane on Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, and Cerebral Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference …
2003
Background Desflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent with low solubility whose use in neurosurgery has been debated because of its effect on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the variations on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) as well as on cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDo(2)) in normocapnic patients scheduled to undergo removal of supratentorial brain tumors with no evidence of mass effect during anesthesia with isoflurane or desflurane. Methods In 60 patients scheduled to undergo craniotomy and removal of supratentorial brain tumors with no evidence of midline shift, anesthesia w…
Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on primary graft dysfunction in lung transplantation.
2009
Introduction and Objectives. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a gaseous drug with known properties of specific pulmonary vasodilation and improved oxygenation. In some clinical trials on lung transplantation (LT) in animals, it has been demonstrated to reduce primary graft dysfunction (PGD) by limiting neutrophil adhesion and the inflammatory cascade. Our objective was to assess whether iNO showed this immunomodulatory effect by determining interleukin (IL)-6, -8, and -10 levels in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in LT patients, and its relationship with PGD incidence. Materials and Methods. Forty-nine LT patients were recruited and included in the iNO or in the control group. Patients …
The effect of adjustable dosing with budesonide/formoterol on health-related quality of life and asthma control compared with fixed dosing
2004
Budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler is an effective therapy for asthma. We investigated whether adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol could maintain health-related quality of life (HRQL) and asthma control.Asthma patients (n = 4025) received budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort 160/4.5 microg) 2 inhalations twice daily (b.i.d.) for 4 weeks during run-in of this open, multicentre study. Patients were randomised to adjustable dosing (budesonide/formoterol 1 inhalation b.i.d.; stepping up to 2 or 4 inhalations bid for 1 week if asthma worsened) or fixed dosing (budesonide/formoterol 2 inhalations b.i.d.), for 12 weeks. Change in HRQL (standardised Asthma Quality of Life Qu…
Do asthmatic smokers benefit as much as non-smokers on budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy? Results of an open label study
2012
SummaryBackgroundStudies with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in smoking asthmatics have mostly shown poorer treatment responses than in non-smoking asthmatics.MethodsEuroSMART, an open, randomised, 6-month study, compared budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort ® Turbuhaler®)hhNeither the Symbicort SMART posology nor the dry powder formulation, Turbuhaler, is currently approved in the US. maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART®) at two maintenance doses of budesonide/formoterol (160/4.5 μg), 1 × 2 and 2 × 2, in patients with asthma who were symptomatic despite treatment with ICS ± long-acting β2-agonists. The 8424 randomised patients included 886 smokers (11%; aged <40 years or with a sm…