Search results for " injury"
showing 10 items of 1007 documents
A new computed-assisted technique for experimental sciatic nerve function analysis.
2004
BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury is a well-known experimental tool to evaluate the effect of various neurotrophic substances. Besides histological and electrophysiological techniques, nerve functional status has been assessed by means of the sciatic function index (SFI) and the static sciatic index (SSI). However, these techniques are still based on a complex and old-fashioned apparatus requiring a relatively long time of execution. This study aimed to assess a novel, rapid, computerized method for assessment of SSI in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. MATERIAL/METHODS: Fourteen rats were used in this study. The left sciatic nerve was exposed and compressed for 2 minutes with an aneur…
Favorable outcome in open globe injuries with low OTS score
2014
Purpose:.Open globe eye injuries can have profound social and economic consequences. Here, we describe two cases of war and outdoor activity open globe eye injury where, despite a low OTS score,.current microsurgical technology allowed for a favorable outcome.Case report 1: A 33-year-old Libyan soldier had been treated for an open-globe grenade blast trauma to his left eye, which showed light perception and OTS score 2..He had undergone a lensectomy and PPV with silicone oil tamponade. Surgical treatment included scleral buckling,.cornea trephination, tem-porary Eckardt keratoprosthesis, PPV revision, intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and corneal grafting. Six months later, his VA was im…
Biochemical Factors and Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage in Cerebral Ischemia and Trauma
1992
A distinction between primary and secondary manifestations of brain damage from acute insults, such as trauma, or ischemia is not only of scientific interest but also of the highest clinical significance. After all, prevention of secondary brain damage in patients with severe head injury or cerebral ischemia is the ultimate purpose of treatment, including the measures of emergency care. It can be assumed that the secondary sequelae of head injury are as important for the outcome as the primary insult is. Therefore, it is obvious that development of more effective forms of treatment requires a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying secondary brain damage. Manifestations of seconda…
Influence of custom-made and prefabricated insoles before and after an intense run
2017
[EN] Each time the foot contacts the ground during running there is a rapid deceleration that results in a shock wave that is transmitted from the foot to the head. The fatigue of the musculoskeletal system during running may decrease the ability of the body to absorb those shock waves and increase the risk of injury. Insoles are commonly prescribed to prevent injuries, and both custom-made and prefabricated insoles have been observed to reduce shock accelerations during running. However, no study to date has included a direct comparison of their behaviour measured over the same group of athletes, and therefore great controversy still exists regarding their effectiveness in reducing impact …
TAFA4 relieves injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity through LDL receptors and modulation of spinal A-type K+ current
2021
Pain, whether acute or persistent, is a serious medical problem worldwide. However, its management remains unsatisfactory, and new analgesic molecules are required. We show here that TAFA4 reverses inflammatory, postoperative, and spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in male and female mice. TAFA4 requires functional low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs) because their inhibition by RAP (receptor-associated protein) dose-dependently abolishes its antihypersensitive actions. SNI selectively decreases A-type K+ current (IA) in spinal lamina II outer excitatory interneurons (L-IIo ExINs) and induces a concomitant increase in IA and decrease in hyperpo…
Right diaphragmatic injury and lacerated liver during a penetrating abdominal trauma: case report and brief literature review
2014
Introduction: Diaphragmatic injuries are rare consequences of thoracoabdominal trauma and they often occur in association with multiorgan injuries. The diaphragm is a difficult anatomical structure to study with common imaging instruments due to its physiological movement. Thus, diaphragmatic injuries can often be misunderstood and diagnosed only during surgical procedures. Diagnostic delay results in a high rate of mortality. Methods: We report the management of a clinical case of a 45-old man who came to our observation with a stab wound in the right upper abdomen. The type or length of the knife used as it was extracted from the victim after the fight. CT imaging demonstrated a right hem…
Treatments for intracranial hypertension in acute brain-injured patients: grading, timing, and association with outcome. Data from the SYNAPSE-ICU st…
2023
Purpose: Uncertainties remain about the safety and efficacy of therapies for managing intracranial hypertension in acute brain injured (ABI) patients. This study aims to describe the therapeutical approaches used in ABI, with/without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, among different pathologies and across different countries, and their association with six months mortality and neurological outcome. Methods: A preplanned subanalysis of the SYNAPSE-ICU study, a multicentre, prospective, international, observational cohort study, describing the ICP treatment, graded according to Therapy Intensity Level (TIL) scale, in patients with ABI during the first week of intensive care unit (ICU) a…
Update on mechanism and therapeutic implications of spinal cord stimulation and cerebral hemodynamics: A narrative review
2017
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is well known for its early role in the management of chronic pain, mainly failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), spasticity, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. In more recent years, SCS has been proposed for patients suffering from refractory angina or peripheral vasculopathies in order to gain symptom relief, thus indicating some hemodynamic effect on the peripheral circulation. Taking into account this scientific observation, since the late1980s, researchers have started to investigate the potential effect of SCS on cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation and its possible application in certain pathological settings dealing with vascular pattern dysfunction, such…
Carbon monoxide improves cardiac energetics and safeguards the heart during reperfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass in pigs
2004
Ischemia-reperfusion injury, a clinical problem during cardiac surgery, involves worsened adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) generation and damage to the heart. We studied carbon monoxide ( CO) pretreatment, proven valuable in rodents but not previously tested in large animals, for its effects on pig hearts subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest. Hearts of CO-treated pigs showed significantly higher ATP and phosphocreatine levels, less interstitial edema, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and required fewer defibrillations after bypass. We conclude that treatment with CO improves the energy status, prevents edema formation and apoptosis, and facilitates recovery in a clinical…
Quantification of Lung Volume at Different Tidal Volumes and Positive End-Expiratory Pressures in a Porcine Model by Using Retrospective Respiratory …
2008
PURPOSE: This feasibility study in healthy animals should prove the concept that it is possible to quantitatively assess the effects of different ventilatory settings on the lung parenchyma during ongoing ventilation in respiratory gated 4-dimensional (D)-computed tomography (CT). For this purpose, the influence of different tidal volumes and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on quantitative assessment of lung volumes (LVs) and lung compartments was analyzed. METHODS: Five anesthetized and ventilated (20 breaths/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio of 1:2) healthy pigs underwent 16-row multidetector CT with retrospective respiratory gating using a noncontact charge-coupled device camera …