Search results for " insulin"
showing 10 items of 237 documents
SHIP2: A “NEW” Insulin Pathway Target for Aging Research
2014
Strong evidence suggests that systemic inflammation and central adiposity contribute to and perpetuate metabolic syndrome. All of these alterations predispose individuals to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, as well as Alzheimer's disease (AD), all characterized by chronic inflammatory status. On the other hand, extensive abnormalities in insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II signaling mechanisms in brains with AD have been demonstrated, suggesting that AD could be a third form of diabetes. The Src homology domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) has an important role in the insulin pathway because its over-expression causes impairment…
Predictors of insulin resistance in patients with obesity: a pilot study.
2012
We compared adipokines and inflammatory markers in obese insulin-sensitive (group A, n = 16) and insulin-resistant (group B, n = 48) patients divided according to homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α were measured. Weight, height, waist (WC) and hip circumferences, waist to hip ratio , weight to height ratio, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body adiposity index (BAI) were measured. The WC and VAI were significantly higher in group B (113.9 ± 11.1 vs 105.3 ± 9.8cm; P < .01 and 2.3 ± 1.1 vs 1.6 ± 0.9; P < .05, respectively), while s…
Subcutaneous and omental fat expression of adiponectin and leptin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
2007
Objective To assess message expression of adiponectin and leptin in visceral and SC fat in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in control women. Design Prospective clinical trial. Setting Academic medical centers in Mexico City, Mexico and New York, New York. Patient(s) Women with PCOS and control women. Intervention(s) Surgical biopsies of visceral (omental) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue, fasting blood samples, and ultrasound measurements of visceral and SC fat. Main Outcome Measure(s) Messenger RNA assessment of adiponectin and leptin in adipose tissue samples; serum measurements of adiponectin, leptin, glucose, insulin, and hormone levels; measurements of fat quantity …
Sleep apnoea severity independently predicts glycaemic health in nondiabetic subjects: the ESADA study
2014
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of dysglycaemia but the intimate link of these conditions with obesity makes discerning an independent relationship between them challenging. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in nondiabetics but there is a lack of population-level data exploring the relationship of HbA1c with OSA. A cross-sectional analysis of 5294 participants in the multinational European Sleep Apnoea Cohort (European Sleep Apnoea Database) study was performed, assessing the relationship of OSA severity with HbA1c levels in nondiabetic subjects, with adjustment for confounding factors. HbA1c levels cor…
Impact of insulin on microvascular blood flow and endothelial cell function in the postprandial state in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
2005
The aim of the present study was to investigate postprandial microvascular blood flow following a standardized test meal in nondiabetic subjects and in patients with Type 1 diabetes after regular insulin or insulin lispro. In this open-label, randomised cross-over study, 20 nondiabetic participants and 20 patients with Type 1 diabetes were enrolled. To valuate the postprandial time course of skin microvascular blood flow, laser Doppler flux (LDF) readings were obtained at baseline and every 30 min following a standardized test meal. Furthermore, the microvascular response to acetylcholine (Ach) was measured, and blood was collected for the measurement of serum insulin and blood glucose leve…
Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects
2010
Background/Objectives: Coffee is the most widely consumed beverage in the world, but its effect on the cardiovascular system has not been fully understood. Coffee contains caffeine and antioxidants, which may influence endothelial function, both of which have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the acute effects of coffee on endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Subjects/Methods: A total of 20 (10 males and 10 females) healthy non-obese subjects underwent a double-blind, crossover study. Subjects ingested one cup of caffeinated (CC) and one cup of decaffeinated (DC) Italian espresso coffee in random order at 5- t…
Resting Energy expenditure in type 2 diabetic patients and the effect of insulin bolus
2014
Aims: Resting energy expenditure (REE) plays a critical role in the regulation of body weight, with important implications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the relationships between REE and T2D have not been extensively evaluated. We compared REE in persons with diabetes and in persons without diabetes. We also investigated the acute effect of insulin on REE and venous lactate, the latter an indirect measure of neoglucogenetic activity. Methods: REE was measured using indirect calorimetry in 14 newly diagnosed, untreated T2D adults and in 14 non-diabetic age-, gender- and body mass index-matched persons. The REE and lactate venous concentrations were also measured in a subgroup of 5 T2D p…
Diagnosing insulin resistance by simple quantitative methods in subjects with normal glucose metabolism.
2003
OBJECTIVE—To identify a reliable yet simple indirect method for detection of insulin resistance (IR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 65 subjects (44 men and 21 women aged 30–60 years) were selected by a simple random sampling method. Inclusion criteria were voluntary participation from staff and hospital personnel, absence of abnormal glucose tolerance, and normal results of lipid profile and basic blood chemistry. A blood sample was taken after a 12-h overnight fast to determine plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin levels. An intravenous glucose tolerance test with administration of insulin after 20 min and extraction of multiple blood samples for glucose and insulin measurements and…
The basal energy expenditure of female athletes vs. sedentary women as related to their family history of type 2 diabetes
2001
The purpose of this study was to investigate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in 16 professional sportswomen (soccer players) versus 15 sedentary women, as related to the presence (FH+) or absence (FH-) of a family history of type 2 diabetes. The sportswomen, in toto, had a significantly higher BMR than expected from predictive equations (+14.92%). However, the difference was limited only to FH- sportswomen (+18.66%, p<0.0005). FH- sportswomen showed a significantly higher measured BMR than FH+ sportswomen (p<0.005), and FH+ (p=0.058) and than FH- (p<0.05) sedentary women. There were no other significant differences relative to physical, metabolic and plasmatic data between the groups. The sp…
Insulin receptors and insulin sensitivity in normo and hyperinsulinemic obese patients
1985
The authors have studied insulin receptors on peripheral blood monocytes and insulin sensitivity, evaluated by simultaneous infusion of glucose, insulin and somatostatin in 10 control subjects and in 20 obese patients with normal glucose tolerance. The obese patients have been divided into two groups, normo (NO) and hyperinsulinemic (HO), according to the total insulin response during OGTT. We considered HO patients with insulin response higher than M + 2DS of controls. Obese patients showed, in comparison to the controls, a lower specific binding and higher degree of insulin resistance. The subdivision of obese patients allowed us to distinguish two groups. The first was characterized by b…