Search results for " intestine"
showing 10 items of 132 documents
Cadmium-Induced Enteropathy in Domestic Cocks: A Biochemical and Histological Study after Subchronic Exposure
2007
The biochemical and histological sequelae resulting from a diet containing 50.20 mg cadmium/kg were studied in Lohmann brown cockerels from hatching until 30 days of age. The additional cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) to the diet induced the formation of lipid peroxides, which via a chain reaction led to accumulation of malondialdehyde in intestinal mucosa. At the end of the study (after 30 days of cadmium exposure) total protein and metallothionein levels in the intestinal mucosa and the relative ileal and duodenal weight increased. Histological data show that CdCl(2) causes an increase in number of goblet cells and granular lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa. Down-regulation of the serotonin…
Disturbance of hepatic and intestinal microcirculation in experimental liver cirrhosis
2005
AIM: To analyze hepatic, mesenteric and mucosal microcirculation and leukocyte-endothelium interaction (LEI) in a rat model with liver cirrhosis. METHODS: Hepatic cirrhosis was induced in Wistar rats by gavage with carbon tetrachloride, and intravital videomicroscopy was performed in liver, mesentery and small intestine mucosa. Special emphasis is given on microcirculatory and morphometric changes during cirrhotic portal hypertension. RESULTS: LEI was influenced significantly in the cirrhotic liver but not in the gut. Blood flow measurement showed significant differences among liver, main mesenteric vessels and the mucosa. The results of our study indicate that liver cirrhosis leads to alte…
Glucagon-like peptide-2 and mouse intestinal adaptation to a high-fat diet.
2013
Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP2) is a key mediator of refeeding-induced and resection-induced intestinal adaptive growth. This study investigated the potential role of GLP2 in mediating the mucosal responses to a chronic high-fat diet (HFD). In this view, the murine small intestine adaptive response to a HFD was analyzed and a possible involvement of endogenous GLP2 was verified using GLP2 (3–33) as GLP2 receptor (GLP2R) antagonist. In comparison with animals fed a standard diet, mice fed a HFD for 14 weeks exhibited an increase in crypt–villus mean height (duodenum, 27.5±3.0%; jejunum, 36.5±2.9%;P<0.01), in the cell number per villus (duodenum, 28.4±2.2%; jejunum, 32.0±2.9%;P&l…
The influence of active secretion processes on intestinal absorption of salbutamol in the rat.
2001
Abstract Salbutamol was perfused in the small intestine of rat using a standard rat gut ‘in situ’ preparation: (1) in inhibitor-free solution at seven different concentrations (0.15, 0.29, 1.20, 5.0, 9.0, 13.0 and 18.0 mM); (2) at a 0.29 mM concentration – thought to be close to the allometric dose in man – in the presence of a non-specific enzyme inhibitor, sodium azide (0.3, 3.0 and 6.0 mM); and (3) at 0.29 mM in the presence of a selective secretion inhibitor, verapamil (10.0 and 20.0 mM). In free solution, the mixed-order rate constants, k ′ a , of salbutamol increase as the solute concentration increases until an apparent asymptotic value is reached. This could be due to the saturation…
Fecal Blood Loss in Patients With Colonic Polyps: A Comparison of Measurements With 51Chromium-Labeled Erythrocytes and With the Haemoccult Test
1982
Abstract The quantitative determinations of fecal daily blood loss after intravenous administration of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes in 44 patients with colonic polyps and in 11 controls were compared with the results of the daily performed Haemoccult test without dietary restrictions. A total of 642 stool specimens was analyzed for 51Cr loss and the Haemoccult test. The mean fecal daily blood loss in the 34 patients with adenomatous polyps of the descending colon and rectosigmoid was 1.36 ± 0.14 ml/day (mean ± SEM), in the 10 patients with polyps of the ascending and transverse colon it was 1.28 ± 0.31 ml/day, and in the 11 controls 0.62 ± 0.07 ml/day. There was no positive Haemoccult test in …
Modulation by NO of acetylcholine release in the ileum of wild-type and NOS gene knockout mice.
2002
Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the release of acetylcholine and cholinergic contractions in the small intestine of several species, but no information is available about the mouse ileum. This study examines the effects of NO on the electrically evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine and smooth muscle contraction in myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparations of wild-type mice and of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) knockout mice. The NOS inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) and the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) concentration dependently increased the evoked [3H]acetylcholine release and cholinergic contractions in prepa…
Formation and release of acetylpyrrolidinecholine (N-methyl, N-acetoxyethylpyrrolidinium) as a false cholinergic transmitter in the myenteric plexus …
1977
1. Longitudinal muscle strips of the guineapig small intestine were incubated with Tyrode solution containing the choline analogue pyrrolidinecholine. At the end of the incubation the concentrations of acetylcholine and its analogue acetylpyrrolidinecholine were determined in the strips by gas chromatography. 2. After 120 min of incubation with 1 mM pyrrolidinecholine, acetylpyrrolidinecholine comprised about 15% of the total amount of acetylcholine plus acetylpyrrolidinecholine. Electrical stimulation (1 Hz) of the strips during the incubation slightly increased the proportion of acetylpyrrolidinecholine to 21%. 3. The acetylcholine content of control strips increased significantly during …
Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on the release of serotonin from the in vitro vascularly perfused small intestine of guinea pig.
1989
Isolated segments of the guinea pig small intestine were vascularly perfused and the release of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) into the portal vein was measured. All test substances were intraarterially perfused. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 1 pmol/l-100 nmol/l) inhibited the spontaneous release of 5-HT and 5-HIAA. The maximal inhibitory effect (about 60%) was seen at 100 pmol/l. The effect of VIP on the spontaneous release of 5-HT and 5-HIAA was not changed in the presence of 1 mumol/l tetrodotoxin (TTX). Raising intraluminal pressure by 500 Pa for 5 min increased the release of 5-HT and 5-HIAA by about 25%. Raising the intralu…
Dental and oral manifestations of celiac disease
2018
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the dental and oral manifestations in patients with celiac disease. Material and Methods The sample consisted of 40 patients with the disease and 40 without the disease matched by age in southern Brazil. The CD group included patients previously diagnosed by positive anti-endomysial (IgA) examination and confirmed by small intestine biopsy. The presence of dental enamel defects and dental caries was evaluated by a calibrated researcher according to AINE’s and WHO’s criteria, respectively. The history of recurrent aphthous ulcers and dry mouth was obtained through reporting. For the evaluation of the salivary flow, the saliva samples wer…
Minimally invasive interval debulking surgery in ovarian neoplasm (MISSION trial–NCT02324595): a feasibility study
2016
Background Laparoscopy has acquired an increasing role in the management of ovarian cancer. Laparoscopic cytoreduction could represent a new frontier for selected patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Objective We sought to assess feasibility and early complication rate of minimally invasive (MI) interval debulking surgery (IDS) in stage III-IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients after NACT. Study Design This is a phase II multicentric study in advanced EOC cases with clinical complete response after NACT, according to Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup and Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria. Institutional review board approval was obtained and all patients sign…