Search results for " intravenous"
showing 10 items of 331 documents
The EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO Guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria: the 2013 revision and update
2014
This guideline is the result of a systematic literature review using the 'Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) methodology and a structured consensus conference held on 28 and 29 November 2012, in Berlin. It is a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the EU-funded network of excellence, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the World Allergy Organization (WAO) with the participation of delegates of 21 national and international societies. Urticaria is a frequent, mast cell-driven disease, presenting with wheals, angioe…
Calculation of the pH and the titratable acidity in clinically used infusion solutions.
2006
Clinically used infusion solutions are complex aqueous mixtures composed of a variety of different salts, acids, and non-electrolytes, and are characterized by composition, initial pH, and titratable acidity (TA). By rigorous treatment as a multi-composed acid-base system, pH and TA were calculated from proton dissociation equilibria, mass balance equations and electroneutrality condition. Nine were arbitrarily chosen as model solutions in which pH and TA were experimentally determined. From composition, and based on a set of apparent acidity constants (pK values) at 37 degrees C and total ionic strength 0.155 mol/l, pH was calculated by iteration. In the model solutions, measured pH was in…
The AVL-mode: a safe closed loop algorithm for ventilation during total intravenous anesthesia.
1994
The Adaptive Lung Ventilation Controller (ALV-Controller) represents a new approach to closed loop control of ventilation. It is based on a pressure controlled ventilation mode. Adaptive lung ventilation signifies automatic breath by breath adaptation of breathing patterns to the lung mechanics of an individual patient. The specific goals are to minimize work of breathing, to maintain a preset alveolar ventilation and to prevent the occurrence of intrinsic PEEP. We ventilated 5 patients undergoing major abdominal procedures using ALV. ALV was tolerated well in all patients. Alveolar ventilation was preset between 5500 and 6500 ml/min. Serial dead space (Vds) and respiratory time constant (r…
Therapeutic tools for oral candidiasis : current and new antifungal drugs
2019
Background Candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic oral infections that presents different acute and chronic clinical presentations with diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The present study carries out a bibliographic review on the therapeutic tools available against oral candidiasis and their usefulness in each clinical situation. Material and Methods Recent studies on treatment of oral candidiasis were retrieved from PubMed and Cochrane Library. Results Nystatin and miconazole are the most commonly used topical antifungal drugs. Both antifungal drugs are very effective but need a long time of use to eradicate the infection. The pharmacological presentations of mico…
Dynamic Antigen Presentation Patterns of Listeria monocytogenes-Derived CD8 T Cell Epitopes In Vivo
2001
Abstract Little information exists regarding the presentation of antigenic peptides in infected tissues. In this study the in vivo presentation of four different CD8 T cell epitopes of Listeria monocytogenes was monitored. Peptide presentation was measured by a new, highly sensitive, ex vivo Ag presentation assay that was based on the testing of freshly isolated cells from infected spleens with peptide-specific CD8 T cell lines in an IFN-γ-specific ELISPOT assay. Remarkably, the peptide presentation pattern of splenocytes and that of macrophages purified from spleens of L. monocytogenes-infected mice were different from those of in vitro infected macrophage-like cell lines. The in vivo Ag p…
Acute changes of systemic parameters in tumour-bearing rats, and of tumour glucose, lactate, and ATP levels upon local hyperthermia and/or hyperglyca…
1991
Arterial blood pressure and relevant parameters of the arterial blood (O2 and CO2 tensions, pH, haematocrit, serum electrolytes and osmolality) were determined in tumour-bearing rats upon local hyperthermia (HT) and/or hyperglycaemia (HG). Tumour heating was performed in a saline bath (44 degrees C) for 120 min; hyperglycaemia was induced by i.v. infusion of 40% glucose solution for 150 min [blood glucose levels: 35-40 mM during heating; total amount of glucose: 1.19 g/100 g body wt.; infusion rates: 0.31 ml (100 g body wt.)-1 min-1 for 2 min, 0.02 ml (100 g body wt.)-1 min-1 for 88 min, and 0.01 ml (100 g body wt.)-1 min-1 for 60 min]. Immediately after treatment, glucose, lactate and ATP …
The Impact of Amino Acids on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Kinetics in Humans
2020
Different amino acids (AAs) may exert distinct effects on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A quantitative comparison of the effects of AAs on glucose and insulin kinetics in humans is currently lacking. PubMed was queried to identify intervention studies reporting glucose and insulin concentrations after acute ingestion and/or intravenous infusion of AAs in healthy adults and those living with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The systematic literature search identified 55 studies that examined the effects of l-leucine, l-isoleucine, l-alanine, l-glutamine, l-arginine, l-lysine, glycine, l-proline, l-phenylalanine, l-glutamate, branched-chain AAs (i.e., l-leucine, l-iso…
Low zone tolerance induced by systemic application of allergens inhibits TC1-mediated skin inflammation
2005
Background The induction of tolerance may be a promising target of strategies aimed at preventing harmful allergic diseases. Low zone tolerance (LZT), induced by epicutaneous application of low doses of contact allergens, inhibits the development of T C 1-mediated contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Objective We evaluated the effect of systemic (oral, intravenous) administration of low amounts of haptens on specific immune reactions and tolerance induction. Methods By using the mouse model of LZT, we analyzed immune reactions in vivo (skin inflammation) and T-cell responses in vitro after oral, intravenous, or epicutaneous application of low amounts of the contact allergen 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlo…
Mage-3 and influenza-matrix peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells are inducible in terminal stage HLA-A2.1+ melanoma patients by mature monocyte-derived…
2000
Abstract Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination, albeit still in an early stage, is a promising strategy to induce immunity to cancer. We explored whether DC can expand Ag-specific CD8+ T cells even in far-advanced stage IV melanoma patients. We found that three to five biweekly vaccinations of mature, monocyte-derived DC (three vaccinations of 6 × 106 s.c. followed by two i.v. ones of 6 and 12 × 106, respectively) pulsed with Mage-3A2.1 tumor and influenza matrix A2.1-positive control peptides as well as the recall Ag tetanus toxoid (in three of eight patients) generated in all eight patients Ag-specific effector CD8+ T cells that were detectable in blood directly ex vivo. This is the first time …
Impaired immune response to Candida albicans in aged mice
2006
The prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased dramatically among the aged population in recent years. This work investigated the effect of ageing on murine defences against Candida albicans. Aged C57BL/6 mice that were experimentally infected intravenously had a significantly impaired survival and a higher tissue fungal burden compared with young mice. In vitro production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α by macrophages from aged mice in response to yeast cells and hyphae of C. albicans was significantly lower than production by macrophages from young mice. In vitro production of cytokines, such as TNF-α and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), by antigen-stimulated splenocytes from …