Search results for " latency"

Direct Evidence for Viral Antigen Presentation during Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection

2021

Murine models of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have revealed an immunological phenomenon known as “memory inflation” (MI). After a peak of a primary CD8+ T-cell response, the pool of epitope-specific cells contracts in parallel to the resolution of productive infection and the establishment of a latent infection, referred to as “latency.” CMV latency is associated with an increase in the number of cells specific for certain viral epitopes over time. The inflationary subset was identified as effector-memory T cells (iTEM) characterized by the cell surface phenotype KLRG1+CD127−CD62L−. As we have shown recently, latent viral genomes are not transcriptionally silent. Rather, viral genes are …

Molecular signature of Epstein Barr virus-positive Burkitt lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder suggest different roles for Epst…

2014

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is commonly associated with human cancer and, in particular, with lymphoid malignancies. Although the precise role of the virus in the pathogenesis of different lymphomas is largely unknown, it is well recognized that the expression of viral latent proteins and miRNA can contribute to its pathogenetic role. In this study, we compared the gene and miRNA expression profile of two EBV-associated aggressive B non-Hodgkin lymphomas known to be characterized by differential expression of the viral latent proteins aiming to dissect the possible different contribution of such proteins and EBV-encoded miRNAs. By applying extensive bioinformatic inferring and an exp…

Early Auditory Evoked Potentials (EAEP) in Neurosurgery — A New Method for Diagnosis and Localization of Posterior Fossa Tumors in Childhood

1983

Auditory stimuli of suprathreshold intensity (above 60 dBHL) evoke about 15 waves: an early series (EAEP) during the initial 10 milliseconds (ms), a middle latency sequence (8 to 50 ms) and the longer latency cortical potentials (50 – 300 ms). PICTON et al. (1974) made a survey of all three potential groups. Only the EAEP (waves I to IV) are generated in the infratentorial part of the brain and reflect progressive activation of the auditory tracts and nuclei (Fig. 1): Wave I is assumed to originate at the distal part of the acoustic nerve, wave II in the medulla, wave III in the caudal and wave IV in the rostral pons and wave V in the midbrain (STARR and ACHOR, 1975; STOCKARD and ROSSITER, …

Electrophysiological brain stem investigations in idiopathic narcolepsy.

1998

Narcolepsy is associated with various rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities. Distinct brain stem areas seem to play a prominent role in REM sleep regulation. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have led to conflicting findings concerning the presence of structural brain stem lesions in patients with idiopathic narcoleptic syndrome. However, multimodal electrophysiological brain stem investigations may reveal functional brain stem abnormalities even in the absence of MRI abnormality. Therefore we investigated brain stem function in 12 idiopathic narcoleptic patients by systematically studying tegmental brain stem pathways. All of the patients met the diagnostic criteria of…

In vivo impact of cytomegalovirus evasion of CD8 T-cell immunity: Facts and thoughts based on murine models

2010

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) co-exist with their respective host species and have evolved to avoid their elimination by the hosts' immune effector mechanisms and to persist in a non-replicative state, known as viral latency. There is evidence to suggest that latency is nevertheless a highly dynamic condition during which episodes of viral gene desilencing, which can be viewed as incomplete reactivations, cause intermittent antigenic activity that stimulates CD8 memory-effector T cells and drives their clonal expansion. These T cells are supposed to terminate reactivation before completion of the productive viral cycle. In this view, CMVs do not "evade" their respective host's immune response bu…

Fault-Tolerant Application-Specific Topology-Based NoC and Its Prototype on an FPGA

2021

Application-Specific Networks-on-Chips (ASNoCs) are suitable communication platforms for meeting current application requirements. Interconnection links are the primary components involved in communication between the cores of an ASNoC design. The integration density in ASNoC increases with continuous scaling down of the transistor size. Excessive integration density in ASNoC can result in the formation of thermal hotspots, which can cause a system to fail permanently. As a result, fault-tolerant techniques are required to address the permanent faults in interconnection links of an ASNoC design. By taking into account link faults in the topology, this paper introduces a fault-tolerant appli…

Design and analysis of discrete choice experiments for models with response time

2013

Prioritisation of alternatives with analytical hierarchy process plus response latency and web surveys

2014

This paper introduces a new method that combines the well-known analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with a response latency metric. The response latency is the time taken by respondents to make choices over pairwise comparisons. The analytical calculation of relative importance weights of the alternatives is made by using a response latency model previously validated in several case studies. This combination aims to overcome some drawbacks of the traditional AHP related to the use of a rating scale (the so-called Saaty scale), and it is a natural way to involve response latency in established decisionmaking methods. This new method can be profitably adopted in web surveys where it is easy to…

Percentile Reference Charts for Selected Sleep Parameters for 20- to 80-Year-Old Healthy Subjects from the SIESTA Database. Referenzkurven fur ausgew…

2005

One of the aims of the SIESTA project was to establish a normative database of sleep parameters for healthy and sleep-disturbed patients. Reference data for sleep parameters in non-sleep-disturbed subjects are scarce and usually refer to means and standard deviations. However, since most of the parameters do not follow a Gaussian distribution, percentiles of the distribution provide more detailed information. The present results are based on data from 198 healthy, non-sleep-disturbed subjects (104 females) in the age range of 20 to 95 years. For every subject, two consecutive nights were polysomnographically recorded in one of the eight participating clinical centres. Percentile charts were…

A heuristic method for estimating attribute importance by measuring choice time in a ranking task

2012

The evaluation of a product or service in terms of its attributes has been broadly studied in marketing, management and decision sciences. However, methods for finding important attributes have theoretical and practical limitations. The former are related to the selection of the most appropriate model; the latter are due to large number of variables that affect the specific experimental context. This study aims to present a new methodology that captures attribute preferences from a respondent and in particular, by using the choice time in a ranking task, it allows to indirectly obtain the importance weights for several tested attributes through a simple, fast and inexpensive procedure. More…