Search results for " laws"

The new world of human genetic technologies: The policy environment and impacts of genetic screening tests

1995

Today it is possible to screen for mutated DNA sequences which do not induce any diseases but predispose to develop diseases under certain environmental condition. These latter disorders are called “multifactorial” since they result from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Among multifactorial disorders there are job-related diseases whose genetic component can be identified by genetic screening tests. The use of these tests to predict occupational disorders, to cut down on them, and to save costs—in particular for absenteeism, health care, and lawsuits—is of interest to employers and insurers. As for employees, it could entail an extremely deep invasion of privacy, economic…

Tracer diffusion properties of core-shell latex films studied by photoinduced grating relaxation

2007

This article reports the application of the Photo-Induced Grating Relaxation technique (also known as Forced Rayleigh Scattering) to investigate the dynamics of films prepared from structured core–shell latex particles via the transport property of the photochromic tracer molecule Aberchrome 540®. The core–shell particles were prepared with a fluoropolymer core (immiscible and impenetrable to the tracer) and a poly(butyl methacrylate) shell. The incompletely dried films (with residual water) manifest their spatial heterogeneity via non-Fickian behavior (spatial scale- dependent apparent diffusion coefficient). The diffusion data was interpreted using the two-state diffusion model, previousl…

Penetrant diffusion in frozen polymer matrices: A finite-size scaling study of free volume percolation

1996

The diffusion of penetrant particles in frozen polymer matrices is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations of the bond fluctuation model. By applying finite-size scaling to data obtained from very large systems it is demonstrated that the diffusion process takes place on a percolating free volume cluster describable by a correlated site percolation model which falls into the same universality class as random percolation. The diverging correlation length entails a pronounced dependence of the diffusion constant on the size of the simulated system. It is shown that this dependence is appreciable for a wide range of parameters around the transition. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American …

Microscopic verification of dynamic scaling in dilute polymer solutions: A molecular-dynamics simulation

1991

The dynamics of a single polymer chain immersed in a large number of solvent particles is studied by molecular dynamics. This is the first simulation where chain length (30, 40, and 60 monomers) and statistical accuracy are sufficient to test the predictions of the Zimm model as a result of the particle-particle interactions: The short-time diffusion constant is in good agreement with the Kirkwood prediction, and the monomer motions exhibit the expected dynamic scaling. The long-range hydrodynamic interaction requires a data analysis that explicitly includes the periodic images via Ewald sums.

Self-Diffusion of Associating Star-Shaped Polymers

2016

The dynamics of associating bonds in transient polymer networks exerts a paramount influence on their relaxation and time-dependent mechanical properties. In particular, diffusive motion of polymers mediated by the dissociation and association equilibrium of reversible junctions can affect the materials’ structural stability, dynamic mechanical properties, and a broad spectrum of functionality that arises from the constant motion of polymer chains. In this work, forced Rayleigh scattering is used to measure the diffusion of terpyridine end-functionalized four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) polymers transiently interlinked by zinc ions in organic solvent across a wide range of length and time sca…

Il dovere di fedeltà coniugale tra sessualità legale e sessualità consentita : una indagine casistico-giurisprudenziale di diritto comparato

2022

The provision on marital fidelity seems to be a systemological consistent fact throughout most countries belonging to the so-called «Western legal tradition», despite the numerous and profound changes in family law that have crossed each of them. From a comparative law perspective and with a case-law approach, the essay analyses the role that this duty plays in the microsystem of family relationships at present. It focuses attention on a broad spectrum of situations: from the irretrievable breakdown of the marriage descending from the adultery in the divorce judgments to the related civil liability issues; from the assignment of property rights by the spouse who committed adultery to the re…

Diritto pubblico europeo delle relazioni familiari e processo di europeizzazione dei diritti.

2012

Il processo di integrazione europea e la Cedu hanno esercitato ed esercitano un'influenza molto rilevante sulla configurazione dei diritti fondamentali relativi alle relazioni familiari, così come declinate nei diversi ordinamenti nazionali. Ciò appare visibile nella giurisprudensa della Corte Edu e della Corte di Giustizia Ue relativa alle unioni omosessuali. In particolare emerge come la normativa sovranazionale debba agire da fattore per un movimento di integrazione indiretta, che detti solo elementi essenziali, senza imporre agli stati e alle loro identità costituzionali effetti di omogeinizzazione delle diversità.

"Legislative Inflation" - An analysis of the Phenomenon in Contemporary Legal Discourse

2011

Jevons on the Ricardian Theory of Distribution. An Interpretation

2004

The paper reconstructs Jevons' strategy of interpretation of Ricardian economics in the light of some hermeneutic categories. Jevons' basic goal appears to be a critical assessment of the net scientific content of Classical economics. He envisages a three steps exegetical strategy: first he points out the scientific standards all economic theories should conform to and elaborates his new economic theory in compliance with these standards; then he scrutinizes the corpus of received economic doctrines in the light of his theory and, finally, he passes his sentence. Jevons' belief that truth in economics is one prevents him to recognize that what he calls scientific errors may actually be theo…

Gestalt Theory Rearranged: Back to Wertheimer

2017

Wertheimer's seminal paper of 1923 was of gerat influence in psychology and other sciences. Wertheimer also emphasized the weaknesses of the newborn Gestalt theory: too many basic laws, and the ambiguity of definitions. At the same time, the paper contained potential solutions to these problems, in the form of a number of very important ideas, some of which were presented implicitly: perception through imitation, communicative nature of linear drawings and writings, transfer from the visual domain to motor domain, linguistic interpretation of the Gestalt. In this paper it will be shown that based on these ideas the Gestalt theory can be rearranged so that the main notions can be well define…